Pharmacokinetics of Biopharmaceuticals: Their Critical Role in Molecular Design

Biopharmaceuticals have developed rapidly in recent years due to the remarkable progress in gene recombination and cell culture technologies. Since the basic structure of biopharmaceuticals can be designed and modified, it is possible to control the duration of action and target specific tissues and cells by kinetic modification. Amino acid sequence modifications, albumin fusion proteins, polyethylene glycol (PEG) modifications, and fatty acid modifications have been utilized to modify the duration of action control and targeting. This review first describes the position of biopharmaceuticals, and then the kinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and pharmacokinetics) of classical biopharmaceuticals and methods of drug quantification. The kinetic innovations of biopharmaceuticals are outlined, including insulin analog, antibody-related drugs (monoclonal antibodies, Fab analogs, Fc analogs, Fab-PEG conjugated proteins, antibody-drug conjugates, etc.), blood coagulation factors, interferons, and other related drugs. We hope that this review will be of use to many researchers interested in pharmaceuticals derived from biological components, and that it aids in their knowledge of the latest developments in this field.