Genome–Environment Interactions and Psychiatric Disorders
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Genetic Basis of Psychiatric Disorders
3. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Gene Expression
4. Epigenetic Mechanisms and Environmental Factors
5. Environmental Factors and Psychiatric Disorders
6. Environmental Factors Acting Epigenetically in Psychiatric Disorders
6.1. Social Determinants of Mental Health Including Early Life Stress and Adversity
Mechanism of Action of Social Determinants of Mental Health
6.2. Maternal Prenatal Psychological Stress
6.3. Pregnancy and Birth Complications
6.4. Poverty
6.5. Migration
6.6. Urban Dwelling
6.7. Alcohol Use
6.8. Use of Substances Other Than Alcohol
6.9. Microbiota
6.10. Prenatal and Postnatal Infections
7. Reversal of Genome–Environment Interactions in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders
7.1. Drugs
7.2. Psychotherapy
7.3. Electroconvulsive Therapy
7.4. Physical Exercise
8. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Social determinants of mental health including early life adversity and early life stress |
Maternal prenatal stress |
Poverty |
Migration |
Urban dwelling |
Pregnancy and birth complications |
Alcohol use |
Substance use other than alcohol |
Microbiota |
Prenatal and postnatal infections |
Psychotropic drugs |
Psychotherapy |
Electroconvulsive therapy |
Physical exercise |
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Peedicayil, J. Genome–Environment Interactions and Psychiatric Disorders. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 1209. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041209
Peedicayil J. Genome–Environment Interactions and Psychiatric Disorders. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(4):1209. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041209
Chicago/Turabian StylePeedicayil, Jacob. 2023. "Genome–Environment Interactions and Psychiatric Disorders" Biomedicines 11, no. 4: 1209. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041209