Human In Vitro Skin Models for Wound Healing and Wound Healing Disorders
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. In Vitro Models for Wound Healing
3. In Vitro Models for Chronic Wounds
4. In Vitro Models for Excessive Scarring
4.1. Keloids
4.2. Hypertrophic Scars
5. Limitations and Future Perspectives of In Vitro Models for Wound Healing Disorders
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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In Vitro Model | Cells | Medium/Matrix | Limitations | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chronic wounds | 2D | Chronic-wound-derived fibroblasts (venous leg ulcer; undefined) | - | Lack of cell–cell interaction/vasculature/cell-to-environment interface; not immunocompetent | [59,60,61] |
hTERT chronic wound fibroblast cell line (venous leg ulcer) | - | Lack of cell–cell interaction/vasculature/cell-to-environment interface; not immunocompetent | [62] | ||
3D | Fibroblasts from diabetic foot ulcers; NKs; endothelial cells | Collagen type I | Lack of vasculature; not immunocompetent | [63] | |
Patient-derived (type 2 diabetes) dermal NFs; NKs; HUVECs | Hydrogel | Not immunocompetent | [64] | ||
Keloids | 2D | Co-culturing NFs and KFs; NKs | - | Lack of vasculature/cell-to-environment interface; not immunocompetent | [65,66] |
3D | NFs and KFs; NFs | Collagen | Lack of vasculature; not immunocompetent | [67] | |
KFs of different origins | Collagen | Lack of vasculature; not immunocompetent | [68] | ||
Donor-matched KFs and KKs | Collagen-elastin | Lack of vasculature; not immunocompetent | [69,70,71] | ||
KKs and KFs; CD14+ monocytes | Collagen-elastin | Lack of vasculature | [72] | ||
Hypertrophic scars | 2D | HSFs | - | Lack of vasculature/cell-to-environment interface; not immunocompetent | [73,74,75,76,77] |
Hmyo and NKs | - | Lack of vasculature/cell-to-environment interface; not immunocompetent | [78,79] | ||
3D | HSFs | Collagen | Lack of vasculature; not immunocompetent | [73,80] | |
HSFs | Fibrin | Lack of vasculature; not immunocompetent | [81] | ||
Hmyo, NFs, Wmyo; NKs | Manipulable sheets | Lack of vasculature; not immunocompetent | [82] | ||
Wmyo, Hmyo, NFs; NKs or HSKs | Manipulable sheets | Lack of vasculature; not immunocompetent | [83] |
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Hofmann, E.; Fink, J.; Pignet, A.-L.; Schwarz, A.; Schellnegger, M.; Nischwitz, S.P.; Holzer-Geissler, J.C.J.; Kamolz, L.-P.; Kotzbeck, P. Human In Vitro Skin Models for Wound Healing and Wound Healing Disorders. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 1056. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041056
Hofmann E, Fink J, Pignet A-L, Schwarz A, Schellnegger M, Nischwitz SP, Holzer-Geissler JCJ, Kamolz L-P, Kotzbeck P. Human In Vitro Skin Models for Wound Healing and Wound Healing Disorders. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(4):1056. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041056
Chicago/Turabian StyleHofmann, Elisabeth, Julia Fink, Anna-Lisa Pignet, Anna Schwarz, Marlies Schellnegger, Sebastian P. Nischwitz, Judith C. J. Holzer-Geissler, Lars-Peter Kamolz, and Petra Kotzbeck. 2023. "Human In Vitro Skin Models for Wound Healing and Wound Healing Disorders" Biomedicines 11, no. 4: 1056. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041056