Leucine-Rich Alpha-2-Glycoprotein: A Novel Predictor of Diastolic Dysfunction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patient Recruitment and Sample Collection
2.2. Angiographic and Echocardiographic Assessment
2.3. Other Measurements
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Demographics and Clinical Characteristics
3.2. Regression Model Analysis of LRG1 for Diastolic Dysfunction
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Diastolic Function | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
No-DD (n = 47) | DD (n = 47) | ||
Age (years) | 62.04 ± 11.35 | 63.53 ± 12.16 | 0.323 |
Gender | |||
Male | 27 (57.40) | 31 (66.00) | 0.396 |
Female | 20 (42.60) | 16 (34.00) | |
Race | |||
Malay | 14 (29.80) | 18 (38.3) | 0.228 |
Chinese | 21 (44.7) | 13 (27.7) | |
Indian | 12 (25.50) | 16 (34.0) | |
Number of coronary lesion(s) | |||
0 | 8 (17.00) | 4 (8.50) | <0.001 ** |
1 | 20 (42.60) | 3 (6.40) | |
2 | 11 (23.40) | 10 (21.30) | |
3 | 8 (17.00) | 30 (63.80) | |
Diastolic dysfunction grading | |||
Grade 1 | NA | 38 (80.9) | |
Grade 2 | NA | 5 (10.6) | |
Grade 3 | NA | 4 (8.5) | |
LRG1 levels (ng/mL) | 8 (4) | 14 (8) | <0.001 ** |
SYNTAX | 7 (17) | 24.5 (15) | <0.001 ** |
Laboratory tests | |||
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.2 (1.5) | 13.3 (1.5) | 0.758 |
Urea (mmol/L) | 5.5 (3.6) | 6.6 (3.9) | 0.037 * |
Creatinine (mcmol/L) | 78 (28) | 90 (48) | 0.018 * |
Risk Factors | |||
Diabetes Mellitus | |||
Non-diabetic | 38 (80.9) | 26 (55.3) | 0.008 ** |
Diabetic | 9 (19.1) | 21 (44.7) | |
Lipid Profile | |||
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4 (1.8) | 4.5 (1.3) | 0.117 |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1 (0.8) | 1.2 (0.7) | 0.604 |
LDL (mmol/L) | 2.24 (1.33) | 3 (1.47) | 0.031 * |
HDL (mmol/L) | 1.07 (0.5) | 1.08 (0.38) | 0.678 |
Hyperlipidemia | |||
No | 40 (85.10) | 37 (78.70) | 0.421 |
Yes | 7 (14.90) | 10 (21.30) | |
Hypertension | |||
<140/90 mmHg | 27 (57.4) | 31 (66.0) | 0.396 |
>140/90 mmHg | 20 (42.6) | 16 (34.0) | |
Smoking | |||
Non-smoker | 24 (51.10) | 27 (57.40) | 0.204 |
Current smoker | 20 (42.60) | 20 (42.60) | |
Ex-smoker | 3 (6.40) | 0 (0.00) | |
Medication use | |||
Perindopril | 27 (57.4) | 21 (44.7) | 0.216 |
Beta Blocker | 26 (55.3) | 20 (42.6) | 0.302 |
Frusemide | 6 (12.8) | 2 (4.3) | 0.139 |
Spironolactone | 0 (0) | 1 (2.1) | 0.315 |
Metformin | 9 (19.1) | 19 (40.4) | 0.024 * |
Gliclazide | 3 (6.4) | 7 (14.9) | 0.181 |
Insulin | 6 (12.8) | 8 (17.0) | 0.562 |
Index | No-DD | DD | p Value | Effect Size |
---|---|---|---|---|
Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | |||
LAVI | 28 (3) | 35 (2) | <0.001 | 1.54 |
TR velocity | 2.1 (0.4) | 2.9 (0.1) | <0.001 | 2.7 |
Septal e′ | 7.8 (1.5) | 6.7 (1.5) | <0.001 | 1.42 |
Lateral e′ | 12 (3.3) | 9.8 (1.1) | <0.001 | 1.33 |
E/e′ | 12 (2) | 15 (1) | <0.001 | 1.64 |
EF (%) | 67 (21) | 60 (14) | 0.069 | 0.8 |
Variables | Unadjusted OR | p-Value | Adjusted OR | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
[95% CI] | [95% CI] | |||
LRG1 | 1.26 | <0.001 | 1.32 ** | <0.001 |
[1.23–1.42] | [1.14–1.53] | |||
SYNTAX | 1.1 | - | 1.08 ** | 0.007 |
[1.06–1.16] | [1.02–1.14] | |||
Creatinine | 1.02 | - | 1.04 ** | 0.005 |
[1.01–1.04] | [1.01–1.06] | |||
DM | 3.41 | - | 6.93 ** | 0.006 |
[1.35–8.61] | [1.76–27.34] |
Predictive Performance of Regression Model | Pairwise Comparison of ROC Curves | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | AUC [95% CI] | Standard Error | p-Value | z | p-Value |
Unadjusted Model | 0.79 [0.70–0.87] | 0.04 | <0.001 *** | 2.356 | 0.0185 |
Adjusted Model | 0.89 [0.82–0.95] | 0.03 | <0.001 *** |
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Loch, A.; Tan, K.L.; Danaee, M.; Idris, I.; Ng, M.L. Leucine-Rich Alpha-2-Glycoprotein: A Novel Predictor of Diastolic Dysfunction. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 944. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030944
Loch A, Tan KL, Danaee M, Idris I, Ng ML. Leucine-Rich Alpha-2-Glycoprotein: A Novel Predictor of Diastolic Dysfunction. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(3):944. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030944
Chicago/Turabian StyleLoch, Alexander, Kok Leng Tan, Mahmoud Danaee, Iskandar Idris, and Mei Li Ng. 2023. "Leucine-Rich Alpha-2-Glycoprotein: A Novel Predictor of Diastolic Dysfunction" Biomedicines 11, no. 3: 944. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030944