The Association between Metformin Use and Risk of Developing Severe Dementia among AD Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data Source
2.2. Subject Selection/Study Population
2.3. Measures and Outcomes
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Severe Dementia Risk
3.3. Subgroup Analysis of Subjects with APOE ε4
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Non-Metformin Cohort N = 521 | Metformin Cohort N = 785 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Sex (%) | 241 (46.3) | 389 (49.6) | 0.28 |
Age (mean (SD)) | 77.75 (7.51) | 73.97 (7.90) | <0.001 |
Educational level (years) | 14.06 (7.51) | 14.57 (9.01) | 0.29 |
Baseline MMSE score | 23.35 (4.78) | 24.17 (4.54) | 0.002 |
APOE ε4 carrier (%) | 176 (33.8) | 314 (40.0) | 0.027 |
Hypertension (%) | 419 (80.4) | 585 (74.5) | 0.016 |
Atrial fibrillation (%) | 64 (12.3) | 60 (7.6) | 0.007 |
Congestive heart failure (%) | 41 (7.9) | 32 (4.1) | 0.005 |
Dementia medication (%) | 218 (41.8) | 321 (40.9) | 0.78 |
Antihypertensive medication (%) | 432 (82.9) | 605 (77.1) | 0.013 |
Antidepressant (%) | 162 (31.1) | 278 (35.4) | 0.12 |
Characteristic | Non-Metformin Cohort N = 521 | Metformin Cohort N = 521 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Sex (%) | 241 (46.3) | 250 (48.0) | 0.62 |
Age (mean (SD)) | 77.75 (7.51) | 77.04 (6.82) | 0.11 |
Educational level (years) | 14.06 (7.51) | 14.04 (7.75) | 0.55 |
Baseline MMSE score | 23.35 (4.78) | 23.80 (4.79) | 0.13 |
APOE ε4 carrier | 176 (33.8) | 195 (37.4) | 0.24 |
Hypertension (%) | 419 (80.4) | 419 (80.4) | 1.00 |
Atrial fibrillation (%) | 64 (12.3) | 54 (10.4) | 0.38 |
Congestive heart failure (%) | 41 (7.9) | 30 (5.8) | 0.22 |
Dementia medication (%) | 218 (41.8) | 208 (39.9) | 0.57 |
Antihypertensive medication (%) | 432 (82.9) | 420 (80.6) | 0.38 |
Antidepressant (%) | 162 (31.1) | 171 (32.8) | 0.60 |
HR (95% CI) | p Value | |
---|---|---|
Multivariable Adjusted Analysis a | ||
No metformin use | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
Metformin use | 0.96 (0.63–1.46) | =0.85 |
Unadjusted Analysis | ||
No metformin use | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
Metformin use | 0.89 (0.59–1.33) | =0.56 |
APOE ε4 Carrier (366) | APOE ε4 Non-Carrier (676) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Users (n = 190) | Non-Users (n = 176) | Users vs. Non-Users | Users (n = 331) | Non-Users (n = 345) | Users vs. Non-Users | |||||
Events | Event Rate | Events | Event Rate | Adjusted HR a (95%CI) | Events | Event Rate | Events | Event Rate | Adjusted HR a (95%CI) | |
Severe dementia | 20 | 10.5% | 22 | 12.5% | 0.92 (0.48–1.77), p = 0.80 | 28 | 8.5% | 23 | 6.7% | 1.13 (0.64–2.01), p = 0.67 |
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Xue, Y.; Xie, X. The Association between Metformin Use and Risk of Developing Severe Dementia among AD Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 2935. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112935
Xue Y, Xie X. The Association between Metformin Use and Risk of Developing Severe Dementia among AD Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(11):2935. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112935
Chicago/Turabian StyleXue, Ying, and Xiangqun Xie. 2023. "The Association between Metformin Use and Risk of Developing Severe Dementia among AD Patients with Type 2 Diabetes" Biomedicines 11, no. 11: 2935. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112935
APA StyleXue, Y., & Xie, X. (2023). The Association between Metformin Use and Risk of Developing Severe Dementia among AD Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Biomedicines, 11(11), 2935. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112935