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Article

Characterization of the Tumor Microenvironment and the Biological Processes with a Role in Prostatic Tumorigenesis

by
Cristina-Anita Ionescu
1,2,
Mariana Aschie
2,3,4,
Elena Matei
3,*,
Georgeta Camelia Cozaru
3,4,
Mariana Deacu
2,4,
Anca Florentina Mitroi
3,4,
Gabriela Isabela Baltatescu
3,4,
Antonela-Anca Nicolau
3,4,
Laura Mazilu
2,5,
Liliana Ana Tuta
2,6,
Ionut Ciprian Iorga
2,7,
Alina Stanigut
2,6 and
Manuela Enciu
2,4
1
Chemical Carcinogenesis and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Oncology “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu”, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
2
Medicine Faculty, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Street, 900470 Constanta, Romania
3
Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
4
Clinical Service of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
5
Oncology Department, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
6
Nephrology Department, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
7
Urology Department, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2022, 10(7), 1672; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071672
Submission received: 2 June 2022 / Revised: 25 June 2022 / Accepted: 6 July 2022 / Published: 12 July 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Apoptosis—50 Years after Its Discovery)
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Abstract

Prostate intratumoral heterogeneity, driven by epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity, contributes to the limited treatment response, and it is therefore necessary to use the biomarkers to improve patient prognostic survival. We aimed to characterize the tumor microenvironment (T lymphocyte infiltration, intratumoral CD34, and KI-67 expressions) by immunohistochemistry methods and to study the biological mechanisms (cell cycle, cell proliferation by adhesion glycoproteins, cell apoptosis) involved in the evolution of the prostate tumor process by flow-cytometry techniques. Our results showed that proliferative activity (S-phase) revealed statistically significant lower values of prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) reported at non-malignant adjacent cell samples (PCa 4.32 ± 4.91; BPH 2.35 ± 1.37 vs. C 10.23 ± 0.43, p < 0.01). Furthermore, 68% of BPH cases and 88% of patients with PCa had aneuploidy. Statistically increased values of cell proliferation (CD34+ CD61+) were observed in prostate adenocarcinoma and hyperplasia cases reported to non-malignant adjacent cell samples (PCa 28.79 ± 10.14; BPH 40.65 ± 11.88 vs. C 16.15 ± 2.58, p < 0.05). The CD42b+ cell population with a role in cell adhesion, and metastasis had a significantly increased value in PCa cases (38.39 ± 11.23) reported to controls (C 26.24 ± 0.62, p < 0.01). The intratumoral expression of CD34 showed a significantly increased pattern of PCa tissue samples reported to controls (PCa 26.12 ± 6.84 vs. C 1.50 ± 0.70, p < 0.01). Flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle, apoptosis, and adhesion glycoproteins with a critical role in tumoral cell proliferation, T cell infiltrations, Ki-67, and CD 34 expressions by IHC methods are recommended as techniques for the efficient means of measurement for adenocarcinoma and hyperplasia prostate tissue samples and should be explored in the future.
Keywords: prostate carcinogenesis; cell cycle; apoptosis; CD34; CD61; CD42b glycoproteins; T cell infiltrations; Ki-67 expression prostate carcinogenesis; cell cycle; apoptosis; CD34; CD61; CD42b glycoproteins; T cell infiltrations; Ki-67 expression

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ionescu, C.-A.; Aschie, M.; Matei, E.; Cozaru, G.C.; Deacu, M.; Mitroi, A.F.; Baltatescu, G.I.; Nicolau, A.-A.; Mazilu, L.; Tuta, L.A.; et al. Characterization of the Tumor Microenvironment and the Biological Processes with a Role in Prostatic Tumorigenesis. Biomedicines 2022, 10, 1672. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071672

AMA Style

Ionescu C-A, Aschie M, Matei E, Cozaru GC, Deacu M, Mitroi AF, Baltatescu GI, Nicolau A-A, Mazilu L, Tuta LA, et al. Characterization of the Tumor Microenvironment and the Biological Processes with a Role in Prostatic Tumorigenesis. Biomedicines. 2022; 10(7):1672. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071672

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ionescu, Cristina-Anita, Mariana Aschie, Elena Matei, Georgeta Camelia Cozaru, Mariana Deacu, Anca Florentina Mitroi, Gabriela Isabela Baltatescu, Antonela-Anca Nicolau, Laura Mazilu, Liliana Ana Tuta, and et al. 2022. "Characterization of the Tumor Microenvironment and the Biological Processes with a Role in Prostatic Tumorigenesis" Biomedicines 10, no. 7: 1672. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071672

APA Style

Ionescu, C.-A., Aschie, M., Matei, E., Cozaru, G. C., Deacu, M., Mitroi, A. F., Baltatescu, G. I., Nicolau, A.-A., Mazilu, L., Tuta, L. A., Iorga, I. C., Stanigut, A., & Enciu, M. (2022). Characterization of the Tumor Microenvironment and the Biological Processes with a Role in Prostatic Tumorigenesis. Biomedicines, 10(7), 1672. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071672

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