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Article

Establishment of a Tissue-Mimicking Surrogate for Pulmonary Lesions to Improve the Development of RFA Instruments and Algorithms

1
Erbe Elektromedizin GmbH, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
2
Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
3
Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
4
Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
5
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
6
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2022, 10(5), 1100; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10051100
Submission received: 12 April 2022 / Revised: 5 May 2022 / Accepted: 7 May 2022 / Published: 10 May 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Application for Tissue Engineering)

Abstract

(1) Development of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) systems for pulmonary lesions is restricted by availability of human tumor specimens and limited comparability of animal tissue. We aimed to develop a new surrogate tissue overcoming these drawbacks. (2) Reference values for electrical impedance in lung tumor tissue were collected during routine lung tumor RFA (n = 10). Subsequently, a tissue-mimicking surrogate with comparable electrical impedance and facilitating detection of the ablation margins was developed. (3) The mean electrical impedance for all patients was 103.5 ± 14.7 Ω. In the optimized surrogate tissue model consisting of 68% agar solution, 23% egg yolk, 9% thermochromic ink, and variable amounts of sodium chloride, the mean electrical impedance was adjustable from 74.3 ± 0.4 Ω to 183.2 ± 5.6 Ω and was a function (y = 368.4x + 175.2; R2 = 0.96; p < 0.001) of sodium chloride concentration (between 0 and 0.3%). The surrogate tissue achieved sufficient dimensional stability, and sample cuts revealed clear margins of color change for temperatures higher 60 °C. (4) The tissue-mimicking surrogate can be adapted to lung tumor with respect to its electrical properties. As the surrogate tissue allows for simple and cost-effective manufacturing, it is suitable for extensive laboratory testing of RFA systems for pulmonary ablation.
Keywords: tissue-mimicking phantom; thermochromic; agar; radiofrequency ablation; electrical impedance; lung cancer; pulmonary lesions tissue-mimicking phantom; thermochromic; agar; radiofrequency ablation; electrical impedance; lung cancer; pulmonary lesions

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bühler, L.; Enderle, M.D.; Kahn, N.; Polke, M.; Schneider, M.A.; Heußel, C.P.; Herth, F.J.F.; Linzenbold, W. Establishment of a Tissue-Mimicking Surrogate for Pulmonary Lesions to Improve the Development of RFA Instruments and Algorithms. Biomedicines 2022, 10, 1100. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10051100

AMA Style

Bühler L, Enderle MD, Kahn N, Polke M, Schneider MA, Heußel CP, Herth FJF, Linzenbold W. Establishment of a Tissue-Mimicking Surrogate for Pulmonary Lesions to Improve the Development of RFA Instruments and Algorithms. Biomedicines. 2022; 10(5):1100. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10051100

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bühler, Louisa, Markus D. Enderle, Nicolas Kahn, Markus Polke, Marc A. Schneider, Claus Peter Heußel, Felix J. F. Herth, and Walter Linzenbold. 2022. "Establishment of a Tissue-Mimicking Surrogate for Pulmonary Lesions to Improve the Development of RFA Instruments and Algorithms" Biomedicines 10, no. 5: 1100. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10051100

APA Style

Bühler, L., Enderle, M. D., Kahn, N., Polke, M., Schneider, M. A., Heußel, C. P., Herth, F. J. F., & Linzenbold, W. (2022). Establishment of a Tissue-Mimicking Surrogate for Pulmonary Lesions to Improve the Development of RFA Instruments and Algorithms. Biomedicines, 10(5), 1100. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10051100

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