The Role of Phosphorylation and Acylation in the Regulation of Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Lys Acylation
2.1. Acetylation
2.2. Succinylation
3. Ser/Thr/Tyr Phosphorylation
3.1. Phosphorylation of Proteins Related to Cell Wall Synthesis
3.2. Phosphorylation of Proteins Related to DNA Metabolism and Transcription
3.3. Phosphorylation of Proteins Related to Translation
3.4. Phosphorylation of Proteins That Participate in Other Biological Processes
3.5. STPKs Involved in Drug Resistance
4. Summary and Prospect
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Protein | Functions | Post-Translational Modifications | Related Antibiotics-Resistance |
---|---|---|---|
KatG | catalase peroxidase, INH-resistance | Phosphorylation, acetylation, succinylation | INH |
MetK | S-adenosylmethionine synthase, decreased expression after INH treatment | Phosphorylation, acetylation | INH |
InhA | Enoyl Acyl carrier protein reductase, inhA transcription change after INH treatment | Phosphorylation, acetylation | INH |
MabA | Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase, participate in INH tolerance together with InhA | Phosphorylation, acetylation | INH |
EF-Tu | elongation factor Tu, decreased expression after INH treatment | Phosphorylation, acetylation | INH, kirromycin |
KasA and KasB | beta-ketoacyl carrier protein synthases | Phosphorylation | INH, RIF, ETO |
HupB | essential regulatory protein, Lys acetylation results in INH resistance | Acetylation, lysine methylation | INH |
SahH | S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, INH-NADP complex will be affected after its phosphorylation | Phosphorylation, acetylation | INH |
EmbR | transcription factor for embCAB, tolerance to EMB will be changed by its phosphorylation | Phosphorylation, acetylation | EMB |
RecA and LexA | phosphorylation of RecA inhibits its binding with LexA repressor | Phosphorylation | RIF |
GyrA and GyrB | DNA gyrase | Succinylation, phosphorylation | FQs |
GroEL2 | molecular chaperone protein, increased expression after LZD, streptomycin, ofloxacin treatment | Phosphorylation, acetylation | LZD, streptomycin, ofloxacin |
Eis | enhanced intracellular survival protein | Acetylation | kanamycin, capreomycin |
EthA | monooxygenase | Acetylation | ETO |
EthR | EthA transcriptional regulator | Phosphorylation | ETO |
PonA1 | penicillin-binding protein, transglycoside activity of PonA1 will be regulated by phosphorylation | Phosphorylation | penicillin V, meropenem |
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Sun, M.; Ge, S.; Li, Z. The Role of Phosphorylation and Acylation in the Regulation of Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biomedicines 2022, 10, 2592. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102592
Sun M, Ge S, Li Z. The Role of Phosphorylation and Acylation in the Regulation of Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biomedicines. 2022; 10(10):2592. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102592
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Manluan, Sai Ge, and Zhaoyang Li. 2022. "The Role of Phosphorylation and Acylation in the Regulation of Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis" Biomedicines 10, no. 10: 2592. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102592