Factors Affecting COVID-19 Vaccination among the General Population in Saudi Arabia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design, Study Population, and Setting
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Ethical Considerations
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | N = 1935 (%) | |
---|---|---|
Sex | Men | 925 (47.8) |
Women | 1010 (52.2) | |
Age (mean ± SD) | 36.6 ± 11.2 | |
Education level | High school or lower | 129 (6.7) |
Diploma | 388 (20.1) | |
University | 1137 (58.8) | |
Post-graduate | 281 (14.4) | |
Nationality, % | Saudi | 1226 (63.4) |
Non-Saudi | 709 (36.6) | |
Income, % | SAR ≤ 6000 | 762 (39.4) |
SAR 6001–12,000 | 565 (29.2) | |
SAR 12,001–18,000 | 316 (16.3) | |
SAR 18,001–24,000 | 151 (7.8) | |
SAR > 24,000 | 141 (7.3) | |
History of chronic diseases, % | Yes | 277 (14.3) |
History of allergies, % | Yes | 211 (10.9) |
Previous COVID-19 infection | Yes | 304 (15.7) |
Statement | Strongly Disagree | Disagree | Neutral | Agree | Strongly Agree |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I know people who are not allowed to take COVID-19 vaccines | 153 (7.9) | 322 (16.6) | 376 (19.5) | 850 (43.9) | 234 (12.1) |
I know the possible side effects of COVID-19 vaccines | 102 (5.3) | 294 (15.2) | 422 (21.8) | 918 (47.4) | 199 (10.3) |
I know the steps that have been taken to test the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines | 113 (5.8) | 330 (17.1) | 515 (26.6) | 836 (43.3) | 139 (7.2) |
I know the steps that have been taken to test the safety of COVID-19 vaccines | 127 (6.6) | 321 (16.6) | 532 (27.5) | 813 (42.0) | 142 (7.3) |
I know the opinion of scientists about COVID-19 vaccines | 62 (3.2) | 191 (9.9) | 538 (27.8) | 939 (48.5) | 205 (10.6) |
I know the opinion of trusted health organizations about COVID-19 vaccines | 62 (3.2) | 153 (7.9) | 487 (25.2) | 1021 (52.8) | 212 (11.0) |
Statement | Strongly Disagree | Disagree | Neutral | Agree | Strongly Agree |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
COVID-19 vaccines have serious adverse effects | 219 (11.3) | 444 (22.9) | 799 (41.3) | 344 (17.8) | 129 (6.7) |
Drug companies are interested in COVID-19 vaccine sales only | 209 (10.8) | 548 (28.3) | 669 (34.6) | 358 (18.5) | 151 (7.8) |
The healthcare system is not trustworthy regarding COVID-19 vaccines | 491 (25.4) | 766 (39.6) | 466 (24.0) | 154 (8.0) | 58 (3.0) |
COVID-19 vaccines are ineffective | 399 (20.7) | 742 (38.3) | 616 (31.8) | 137 (7.1) | 41 (2.1) |
COVID-19 vaccines are not tested enough on people | 202 (10.5) | 498 (25.7) | 540 (27.9) | 499 (25.8) | 196 (10.1) |
Variables | Refusal | Hesitancy | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI for OR | OR | 95% CI for OR | ||
Concerns | 1.503 | (1.423, 1.588) | 1.321 | (1.270, 1.374) | |
Knowledge | 0.937 | (0.898, 0.977) | 0.907 | (0.879, 0.936) | |
Age | 0.961 | (0.938, 0.984) | 0.977 | (0.961, 0.992) | |
Gender | Male | - | - | - | - |
Female | 0.872 | (0.585, 1.299) | 1.133 | (0.851, 1.508) | |
Marital Status | Married | - | - | - | - |
Not Married | 0.617 | (0.376, 1.014) | 0.866 | (0.612, 1.225) | |
Nationality | Saudi | - | - | - | - |
Non-Saudi | 0.182 | (0.105, 0.316) | 0.231 | (0.161, 0.333) | |
Education | Less than Bachelor | - | - | - | - |
Bachelor | 1.076 | (0.704, 1.644) | 1.040 | (0.766, 1.413) | |
Graduate | 0.834 | (0.448, 1.550) | 0.858 | (0.549, 1.342) | |
Income | Less than SAR 6000 | - | - | - | - |
SAR 6000 to 12,000 | 1.116 | (0.674, 1.848) | 0.607 | (0.423, 0.871) | |
SAR 12,001 to 18,000 | 0.978 | (0.545, 1.757) | 0.734 | (0.475, 1.133) | |
More Than SAR 18,000 | 2.325 | (1.154, 4.682) | 1.283 | (0.781, 2.107) | |
Chronic | Yes | - | - | - | - |
No | 0.521 | (0.311, 0.873) | 0.640 | (0.440, 0.932) | |
Allergy | Yes | - | - | - | - |
No | 0.722 | (0.435, 1.196) | 1.028 | (0.689, 1.534) | |
Had COVID-19 | Yes | - | - | - | - |
No | 1.172 | (0.708,1.939) | 1.294 | (0.898, 1.865) |
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Al-Mansour, K.; Alyahya, S.; AbuGazalah, F.; Alabdulkareem, K. Factors Affecting COVID-19 Vaccination among the General Population in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare 2021, 9, 1218. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091218
Al-Mansour K, Alyahya S, AbuGazalah F, Alabdulkareem K. Factors Affecting COVID-19 Vaccination among the General Population in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare. 2021; 9(9):1218. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091218
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl-Mansour, Khalid, Saad Alyahya, Fouad AbuGazalah, and Khaled Alabdulkareem. 2021. "Factors Affecting COVID-19 Vaccination among the General Population in Saudi Arabia" Healthcare 9, no. 9: 1218. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091218