SmartCards as Analogous Tools to Operate Tablet Computers for Elderly—A Feasibility Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Materials and Procedure
3. Study Design and Statistical Analyses
4. Results
4.1. Descriptive Statistics
4.2. Hypothesis 1
4.3. Hypothesis 2
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Groups | Age | Number of Children | Level of Care 1 | Clock Drawing * | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
home assistance service A | M | 81.75 | 1.75 | 1.29 | 2.17 |
n | 12 | 12 | 7 | 12 | |
SD | 4.20 | 0.62 | 0.49 | 1.19 | |
Min | 78 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Max | 88 | 3 | 2 | 4 | |
retirement home B | M | 77.11 | 2.17 | 2.57 | 3.0 |
n | 9 | 6 | 7 | 9 | |
SD | 11.53 | 0.98 | 1.13 | 1.32 | |
Min | 58 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Max | 95 | 4 | 4 | 5 | |
control group C | M | 86.11 | 1,89 | 2.29 | 3.56 |
n | 9 | 9 | 7 | 9 | |
SD | 4.46 | 0.78 | 0.49 | 1.93 | |
Min | 81 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |
Max | 95 | 3 | 3 | 6 |
Group | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | Chi2 | Df | p | |||
I find it complicated to use new technology. I just can’t operate it. | M | 2.92 | 3.11 | 4.44 | 8.09 | 2 | <0.05 | |
perceived behavioral control | SD | 0.99 | 1.27 | 1.01 | ||||
I would have liked to have learned to use a computer. | M | 4.50 | 2.33 | 3.44 | 8.44 | 2 | <0.05 | |
SD | 1.17 | 1.80 | 1.94 | |||||
I think I could handle technical devices well. | M | 4.08 | 2.43 | 2.67 | 7.07 | 2 | <0.05 | |
SD | 0.99 | 1.27 | 1.66 | |||||
It is a good idea to use the device. | M | 4.83 | 4.67 | 3.80 | 3.70 | 2 | 0.16 | |
SD | 0.39 | 0.71 | 1.64 | |||||
attitude towards the behavior | I am intending to try out the device extensively. | M | 4.75 | 4.11 | 3.40 | 4.13 | 2 | 0.137 |
SD | 0.62 | 1.17 | 1.82 | |||||
I like the notion to use the device. | M | 4.67 | 4.11 | 3.00 | 4.06 | 2 | 0.13 | |
SD | 0.65 | 1.05 | 2.00 | |||||
subjective norm | In the opinion of my family I should use technical assistance systems. | M | 5.00 | 4.00 | 2.89 | 9.50 | 2 | <0.01 |
SD | 0.00 | 1.73 | 1.83 | |||||
In the opinion of my friends and acquaintances I should use technical assistance systems. | M | 3.08 | 3.00 | 2.14 | 0.77 | 2 | 0.68 | |
SD | 2.02 | 1.94 | 1.46 |
Frequency of Use * | Duration of Use * | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
I find it complicated to use new technology. I just can’t operate it. | r | 0.164 | 0.050 | |
perceived behavioral control | ||||
I would have liked to have learned to use a computer. | r | −0.132 | 0.158 | |
I think I could handle technical devices well. | r | −0.217 | −0.278 | |
It is a good idea to use the device. | r | 0.117 | 0.140 | |
attitude towards the behavior | I am intending to try out the device extensively. | r | 0.145 | 0.173 |
I like the notion to use the device. | r | 0.364 | 0.204 | |
In the opinion of my family I should use technical assistance systems. | r | −0.128 | 0.081 | |
subjective norm | In the opinion of my friends and acquaintances I should use technical assistance systems. | r | 0.322 | 0.240 |
Group | Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test | Autonomy | Loneliness | Wellbeing | Cognitive Ability |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | z | −0.714 | −1.176 | −1.426 | −2.827 |
p | 0.475 | 0.240 | 0.154 | <0.005 | |
B | z | −0.740 | −1.378 | −0.816 | −2.014 |
p | 0.459 | 0.168 | 0.414 | <0.05 | |
C | z | −0.170 | −1.219 | −0.138 | −0.931 |
p | 0.865 | 0.223 | 0.890 | 0.352 |
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Mueller, S.M.; Göttke-Krogmann, B.; Kortus, J.; Wiechmann, M.; Weber, M.; Mozek, S.; Mau, W.; Golla, A.; Huebner, G. SmartCards as Analogous Tools to Operate Tablet Computers for Elderly—A Feasibility Study. Healthcare 2021, 9, 1198. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091198
Mueller SM, Göttke-Krogmann B, Kortus J, Wiechmann M, Weber M, Mozek S, Mau W, Golla A, Huebner G. SmartCards as Analogous Tools to Operate Tablet Computers for Elderly—A Feasibility Study. Healthcare. 2021; 9(9):1198. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091198
Chicago/Turabian StyleMueller, Stephanie M., Bettina Göttke-Krogmann, Julia Kortus, Melanie Wiechmann, Michael Weber, Sarina Mozek, Wilfried Mau, Andre Golla, and Gundula Huebner. 2021. "SmartCards as Analogous Tools to Operate Tablet Computers for Elderly—A Feasibility Study" Healthcare 9, no. 9: 1198. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091198