Photobiomodulation Therapy vs. Corticosteroid for the Management of Erosive/Ulcerative and Painful Oral Lichen Planus. Assessment of Success Rate during One-Year Follow-Up: A Retrospective Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
Exclusion criteria were as follows:
- Pregnant or breastfeeding woman;
- Patients who were having any other treatment for OLP;
- Patients who had used anti-inflammatory drugs (topic or systemic) in the last 30 days;
- Patients who reported drug-related development of oral lichenoid lesions, including imatinib, methyldopa, IFN-alpha and/or infliximab;
- Patients with an uncontrolled systemic disease;
- OLP with epithelial dysplasia or malignant transformation in the histopathological evaluation.
2.4. Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus by Topical Medication
2.5. Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBM Group)
2.6. Assessment Method: Pain and Patients’ Discomfort
2.7. Assessment of the Recurrence
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Pain Assessment
3.2. REU Score
3.3. Recurrence Rate
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Total Participants | Gender | Mean Age Range (Years) | Average Size of OLP (cm2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
96 | Female | Male | 48 (min 42; max 68) | 2.2 (min 1.5; max 3.4) |
64 | 32 |
Clinical Signs | Score of Signs |
---|---|
Reticulate/plaque-type (R) | 0 = none |
1 = white streaks or patches | |
Congestive/atrophic (E) | 0 = none |
1 = lesions < 100 mm2 | |
2 = lesions 100 mm2 to 300 mm2 | |
3 = lesions > 300 mm2 | |
Ulceration (U) | 0 = none |
1 = lesions < 100 mm2 | |
2 = 100 mm2 to 200 mm2 | |
3 = lesions > 300 mm2 |
Before Treatment | At 6 Weeks of Follow-up | |
---|---|---|
Corticosteroid group | 80.65 ± 4.1 a | 0 b |
PBM group | 83.54 ± 3.7 a | 0 b |
REU Score | ||
---|---|---|
Before Treatment | After 6 Weeks of Treatment | |
Corticosteroid group | R = 1 E = 2 U = 1 | R = 1 E = 0 U = 0 |
Overall score 4 a | Overall score 1 b | |
PBM group | R = 1 E = 2 U = 1 | R = 1 E = 0 U = 0 |
Overall score 4 a | Overall score 1 b |
6 Weeks | 3 Months | 6 Months | 12 Months | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Corticosteroid group (n = 48) | 0% a | 29% b (14 of 48) | 58% c (28 of 48) | 79 % d (38 of 48) |
Photobiomodulation group (n = 48) | 0% a | 21 % b (10 of 48) | 62 % c (30 of 48) | 87.5 % d (42 of 48) |
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Nammour, S.; El Mobadder, M.; Brugnera, A.J.; Namour, M.; Houeis, S.; Heysselaer, D.; Vanheusden, A.; Namour, A. Photobiomodulation Therapy vs. Corticosteroid for the Management of Erosive/Ulcerative and Painful Oral Lichen Planus. Assessment of Success Rate during One-Year Follow-Up: A Retrospective Study. Healthcare 2021, 9, 1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091137
Nammour S, El Mobadder M, Brugnera AJ, Namour M, Houeis S, Heysselaer D, Vanheusden A, Namour A. Photobiomodulation Therapy vs. Corticosteroid for the Management of Erosive/Ulcerative and Painful Oral Lichen Planus. Assessment of Success Rate during One-Year Follow-Up: A Retrospective Study. Healthcare. 2021; 9(9):1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091137
Chicago/Turabian StyleNammour, Samir, Marwan El Mobadder, Aldo Jr. Brugnera, Melanie Namour, Saad Houeis, Daniel Heysselaer, Alain Vanheusden, and Amaury Namour. 2021. "Photobiomodulation Therapy vs. Corticosteroid for the Management of Erosive/Ulcerative and Painful Oral Lichen Planus. Assessment of Success Rate during One-Year Follow-Up: A Retrospective Study" Healthcare 9, no. 9: 1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091137