An Observational Study Comparing Fibromyalgia and Chronic Low Back Pain in Somatosensory Sensitivity, Motor Function and Balance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics
2.2. Participants
2.3. Instruments and Procedure
2.4. Self-Report Questionnaires
2.5. Somatosensory Sensitivity
2.6. Motor Function
2.7. Static and Dynamic Balance
2.8. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Self-Report Questionnaires
3.2. Somatosensory Sensitivity
3.3. Motor Function
3.4. Static and Dynamic Balance
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Groups of Participants | FM (n = 60) | CLBP (n = 60) | Pain-Free Controls (n = 60) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± sd | Mean ± sd | Mean ± sd | p-values all groups | p-values FM—CLBP | p-values FM—pain-free controls | p-values CLBP—pain-free controls | |
Age (years) | 52.57 ± 1.08 | 52.50 ± 1.42 | 49.87 ± 1.25 | 0.06 | 0.90 | 0.05 | 0.06 |
Pain duration (years) | 7.38 ± 2.79 | 7.08 ± 4.07 | 0 | <0.001 | 0.81 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 23.79 ± 0.34 | 23.66 ± 0.30 | 23.15 ± 0.30 | 0.33 | 0.77 | 0.17 | 0.24 |
Height (cm) | 168.1 ± 0.88 | 170.36 ± 0.83 | 168.65 ± 0.76 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.64 | 0.13 |
Weight (kg) | 67.13 ± 0.89 | 68.65 ± 0.93 | 65.90 ± 1.00 | 0.12 | 0.24 | 0.33 | 0.08 |
Gender | 54 ♀ 6 ♂ | 45 ♀ 15 ♂ | 45 ♀ 15 ♂ | 0.06 | 1 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
Dependent Variables | FM (n = 60) | CLBP (n = 60) | Pain-Free Controls (n = 60) | p-Values | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± sd (Range) | All Groups | FM—CLBP | FM—Pain-Free Controls | CLBP—Pain-Free Controls | η | Cohen’s d | |||
Fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (0–100) | 80.3 ± 11.49 (77.49–83.11) | 59.66 ± 14.22 (56.85–62.47) | 13.36 ± 5.46 (10.55–16.16) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | 0.868 | 1.597 |
McGill Pain Questionnaire, Subscale A (0–30) | 210.05± 9.88 (19.41–22.68) | 12.85 ± 4.96 (11.21–14.28) | 0.53 ± 1.18 (–1.10–2.17) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | 0.637 | 10.049 |
McGill Pain Questionnaire, Subscale B (0–10) | 7.95± 0.85 (7.63–8.25) | 6.26 ± 1.42 (5.96–6.57) | 0.49 ± 1.26 (0.18–0.79) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | 0.877 | 1.419 |
McGill Pain Questionnaire, Subscale C (0–5) | 40.00± 0.37 (3.54–4.45) | 2.75 ± 0.70 (2.29–3.20) | 0.97 ± 2.97 (0.45–1.35) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | 0.342 | 2.224 |
Pressure pain sensitivity epicondyles (N) (0–100) | 26.43 ± 13.46 (220.02–30.86) | 55.95 ± 20.71 (51.53–60.37) | 73.26 ± 17.11 (68.84–77.68) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | 0.558 | −1.690 |
Pressure pain sensitivity greater trochanters (N) (0–100) | 29.47 ± 11.59 (24.77–34.17) | 45.78 ± 20.35 (410.08–50.48) | 87.59 ± 21.74 (82.89–92.29) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | 0.641 | −0.985 |
Pressure pain sensitivity index fingers (N) (0–100) | 37.64 ± 150.02 (33.49–41.78) | 380.06 ± 14.51 (33.91–42.20) | 78.78 ± 18.89 (74.64–82.93) | p < 0.001 | p>0.05 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | 0.589 | −0.028 |
Vibration thresholds index fingers (vibration units) | 3.52 ± 0.82 (3.33–3.70) | 3.21 ± 0.81 (30.02–3.39) | 1.61 ± 0.50 (1.42–1.79) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | 0.573 | 0.368 |
Vibration thresholds toes (vibration units) | 4.51 ± 0.81 (4.29–4.71) | 4.14 ± 10.01 (3.94–4.35) | 2.18 ± 0.56 (1.97–2.38) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | 0.615 | 0.404 |
Berg scale (0–56) | 28.12 ± 4.84 (26.77–29.46) | 33.15 ± 7.59 (31.80–34.49) | 55.57 ± 1.63 (54.22–56.91) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.005 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | 0.838 | −0.792 |
Six-minute walking test (m) | 363.8 ± 61.48 (344.3–383.2) | 401.3 ± 93.70 (381.8–420.7) | 611.7 ± 70.17 (592.2–631.1) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.005 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | 0.675 | −0.473 |
Timed Up and Go Test (s) | 17.58 ± 4.83 (16.70–18.46) | 13.18 ± 3.20 (12.30–140.06) | 7.70 ± 1.56 (6.82–8.58) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.005 | p < 0.005 | p < 0.005 | 0.580 | 10.074 |
Isometric back muscle strength (kiloponds) | 29.25 ± 9.81 (23.59–34.90) | 420.08 ± 25.70 (36.43–47.73) | 120.4 ± 26.81 (114.7–1260.0) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | 0.770 | −0.660 |
Borg scale (0–10) | 6.63 ± 1.48 (6.27–6.99) | 40.02 ± 1.67 (3.65–4.38) | 10.09 ± 10.06 (0.73–1.46) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | 0.719 | 1.654 |
Mean sway velocity (cm/s) | 0.019 ± 0.009 (0.017–0.020) | 0.011 ± 0.005 (0.010–0.013) | 0.007 ± 0.001 (0.006–0.009) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | 0.363 | 1.143 |
Mediolateral body sway (cm) | 0.013 ± 0.009 (0.011–0.014) | 0.007 ± 0.005 (0.005–0.008) | 0.003 ± 0.001 (0.001–0.005) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.01 | 0.261 | 0.714 |
Anteroposterior body sway (cm) | 0.015 ± 0.008 (0.014–0.017) | 0.011 ± 0.006 (0.009–0.012) | 0.008 ± 0.002 (0.006–0.009) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 | 0.209 | 0.571 |
Gait velocity (cm/s) | 2.78 ± 0.99 (2.50–30.05) | 2.81 ± 10.09 (2.53–30.09) | 3.67 ± 1.14 (3.40–3.95) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.02 | p < 0.02 | 0.130 | −0.038 |
Stride length (cm) | 0.93 ± 0.33 (0.84–10.02) | 0.97 ± 0.41 (0.88–10.06) | 1.22 ± 0.34 (1.13–1.32) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.02 | p < 0.02 | 0.115 | −0.108 |
Percentage of time in the stance phase (%) | 67.17 ± 10.42 (65.31–690.04) | 68.44 ± 5.49 (66.58–70.31) | 65.38 ± 4.62 (63.52–67.24) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.02 | p < 0.02 | 0.029 | −0.152 |
Percentage of time in the swing phase (%) | 31.66 ± 5.87 (30.29–330.04) | 31.69 ± 5.62 (30.31–330.07) | 34.58 ± 4.64 (33.21–35.96) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.02 | p < 0.02 | 0.062 | −0.005 |
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Mingorance, J.A.; Montoya, P.; Miranda, J.G.V.; Riquelme, I. An Observational Study Comparing Fibromyalgia and Chronic Low Back Pain in Somatosensory Sensitivity, Motor Function and Balance. Healthcare 2021, 9, 1533. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111533
Mingorance JA, Montoya P, Miranda JGV, Riquelme I. An Observational Study Comparing Fibromyalgia and Chronic Low Back Pain in Somatosensory Sensitivity, Motor Function and Balance. Healthcare. 2021; 9(11):1533. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111533
Chicago/Turabian StyleMingorance, José Antonio, Pedro Montoya, José García Vivas Miranda, and Inmaculada Riquelme. 2021. "An Observational Study Comparing Fibromyalgia and Chronic Low Back Pain in Somatosensory Sensitivity, Motor Function and Balance" Healthcare 9, no. 11: 1533. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111533