Physicians’ Perspectives on COVID-19: An International Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design, Survey Structure and Implementation
2.2. Study Participants
2.3. Ethical Issues
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Data of the Study Participants
3.2. Epidemiological and General Data
3.3. Clinical and Management Selected Options
3.4. Future Developments Regarding the COVID-19 Outcome
3.5. Source of Medical Information and General Data
4. Discussion
4.1. Epidemiological and General Data
4.2. Diagnosis
4.3. Impact of Comorbidities
4.4. Laboratory Markers
4.5. Management
4.6. Prevention
4.7. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Questions 1–3 and 6 of the Physicians’ Perspectives on COVID-19 Questionnaire | ||
---|---|---|
1 | Are you a physician currently practicing medicine in a clinical setting? | |
Yes | 176 (90.7%) | |
No | 18 (9.3%) | |
2 | What is your age? | |
20–29 years | 22 (11.3%) | |
30–39 years | 73 (37.6%) | |
40–49 years | 51 (26.3%) | |
50–59 years | 32 (16.5%) | |
60–69 years | 12 (6.2%) | |
70–79 years | 4 (2.1%) | |
3 | What is your gender? | |
Male | 82 (42.3%) | |
Female | 112 (57.7%) | |
6 | What is your current professional level? | |
Resident physician/Intern/ Fellow | 38 (19.6%) | |
Specialist physician with less than 5 years’ experience | 47 (24.2%) | |
Specialist physician with more than 5 years’ experience | 88 (45.4%) | |
Head of Department/Professor | 21 (10.8%) |
Questions 7–12, 29–30 of the Physicians’ Perspectives on COVID-19 Questionnaire | ||
---|---|---|
7 | Do you work in a service/department/clinic dedicated to/or where patients with COVID-19 are hospitalized? | |
Yes | 92 (47.4%) | |
No | 102 (52.6%) | |
8 | Do you believe you might come in contact with COVID-19 infected patients during consultations/ medical procedures? | |
Yes | 159 (82.0%) | |
No | 11 (5.7%) | |
Not sure | 24 (12.4%) | |
9 | After starting to work in units where patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection were hospitalized, did you feel avoided/rejected by the persons with whom you usually interact in daily life? | |
Yes | 41 (21.1%) | |
No | 102 (52.6%) | |
Not applicable | 51 (26.3%) | |
10 | Have you already had COVID-19 yourself? | |
No | 120 (61.9%) | |
Yes, an asymptomatic form | 4 (2.1%) | |
Yes, a symptomatic form | 8 (4.1%) | |
Not sure | 62 (32%) | |
11 | Has any of your household members had COVID-19? | |
No | 136 (70.1%) | |
Yes, an asymptomatic form | 1 (0.5%) | |
Yes, a symptomatic form | 7 (3.6%) | |
Not sure | 50 (25.8%) | |
12 | Do you believe that the protective equipment, and clinic’s procedures in triage and differentiated pathways, are enough to protect you? | |
Yes | 71 (36.6%) | |
No | 63 (32.5%) | |
Not sure | 60 (30.9%) | |
29 | Do you think that COVID-19 free patients are medically neglected during this period? | |
Yes | 141 (72.7%) | |
No | 32 (16.5%) | |
Not sure Missing | 20 (10.3%) 1 (0.5%) | |
30 | Are you currently isolated from the people with whom you usually live with? | |
Yes | 48 (24.7%) | |
No Missing | 144 (74.2%) 2 (1.0%) |
Questions 13–20, 24 of the Physicians’ Perspectives on COVID-19 Questionnaire | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
13 * | Which of the following clinical symptoms do you think are suggestive for COVID-19? | |||
Fever | 192 (92.0%) | Anorexia | 44 (22.7%) | |
Cough | 190 (97.9%) | Chest pain | 108 (55.7%) | |
Dyspnea | 189 (97.4%) | Cutaneous eruptions | 66 (34.0%) | |
Anosmia/ ageusia | 167 (86.1%) | Conjunctivitis | 57 (29.4%) | |
Abdominal pain | 77 (39.7%) | Headache | 125 (64.4%) | |
Diarrhea | 136 (70.1%) | Dysuria | 4 (2.1%) | |
14 * | Which of the following tests has the highest diagnostic accuracy, in your opinion? | |||
RT-PCR SARS-CoV2 of the nasopharyngeal secretion | 126 (64.9%) | IgG SARS-CoV2 | 8 (4.1%) | |
RT-PCR SARS-CoV2 of stool sample | 5 (2.6%) | Chest X-ray | 2 (1.0%) | |
RT-PCR SARS-CoV2 of the conjunctival secretion | 0 (0.0%) | Chest CT (computed tomography) | 40 (20.6%) | |
IgM SARS-CoV2 | 8 (4.1%) | Other | 0 (0.0%) | |
15 * | Which of the following associated comorbidities are negative prognostic factors for COVID-19, in your opinion? | |||
Arterial hypertension | 145 (74.7%) | Liver cirrhosis | 90 (46.4%) | |
Heart failure | 159 (82.0%) | Autoimmune pathology | 97 (50.0%) | |
Chronic respiratory failure | 173 (89.2%) | Neoplasia | 114 (58.8%) | |
Chronic kidney disease (without dialysis) | 91 (46.9%) | Obesity | 149 (76.8%) | |
Chronic kidney disease (with dialysis) | 143 (73.7%) | COVID-19 disease course is not related to comorbidities | 0 (0.0%) | |
Diabetes mellitus | 166 (85.6%) | |||
16 * | Which of the following blood test you think it is correlated to outcomes in COVID-19? | |||
Ferritin | 69 (35.6%) | NT-proBNP | 39 (20.1%) | |
C-reactive protein | 115 (59.3%) | D-dimers | 125 (64.4%) | |
Lymphocyte counts | 125 (64.4%) | SARS-CoV-2 viral load | 82 (42.3%) | |
Troponin | 60 (30.9%) | None | 5 (2.6%) | |
Other | 10 (5.2%) | |||
17 * | Which of the following do you think are potential transmission pathways for SARS-CoV-2 virus? | |||
Respiratory | 192 (99.0%) | Contact with contaminated objects | 168 (86.6%) | |
Fecal-oral route | 91 (46.9%) | Others | 4 (2.0%) | |
18 * | Do you think there is any useful therapy for the prevention of COVID-19? | |||
Vitamin D | 40 (20.6%) | Astragalus extract | 3 (1.5%) | |
Zinc | 35 (18.0%) | Quercetin | 2 (1.0%) | |
Vitamin C | 45 (23.2%) | N-acetyl Cysteine | 6 (3.1%) | |
Hydroxychloroquine | 33 (17.0%) | None | 113 (58.2%) | |
Others | ||||
19 * | Which of the following therapies do you think is effective in COVID-19? | |||
No effective treatment exists | 69 (35.6%) | Azithromycin | 55 (28.4%) | |
Paracetamol | 42 (21.6%) | Tocilizumab | 43 (22.2%) | |
Lopinavir/ Ritonavir | 32 (16.5%) | Remdesivir | 62 (32%) | |
Oseltamivir | 10 (5.2%) | Plasma from convalescent donors | 94 (48.5%) | |
Hydroxychloroquine | 64 (33%) | Something else | 17 (8.7%) | |
20 * | Is there any pre-existing medication that might worsen the prognosis of the COVID-19? | |||
None | 26 (13.4%) | Corticosteroids | 65 (33.5%) | |
NSAIDs | 72 (37.1%) | Immunosuppressive drugs | 119 (61.3%) | |
ACE inhibitors | 51 (26.3%) | Other (please specify) | 6 (3.0%) | |
Sartans | 11 (5.7%) | |||
24 | Do you think abnormal hemostasis plays a central role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and should be targeted by therapeutic anticoagulation? | |||
Yes | 110 (56.7%) | |||
No | 11 (5.7%) | |||
Not sure Missing | 72 (37.1%) 1 (0.5%) |
Questions 21–23,25–26 of the Physicians’ Perspectives on COVID-19 Questionnaire. | ||
---|---|---|
21 | Do you think we will have an effective vaccine to prevent the COVID-19? | |
No | 45 (23.2%) | |
Yes, within the next 3 months | 1 (0.5%) | |
Yes, within the next 3–6 months | 12 (6.2%) | |
Yes, within the next 6–12 months | 50 (25.8%) | |
Yes, after at least 12 months Missing | 85 (43.8%) 1 (0.5%) | |
22 | Do you think we will have an effective antiviral treatment for COVID-19? | |
No | 51 (26.3%) | |
Yes, within the next 3 months | 11 (5.7%) | |
Yes, within the next 3–6 months | 33 (17.0%) | |
Yes, within the next 6–12 months | 36 (18.6%) | |
Yes, after at least 12 months Missing | 62 (32.0%) 1 (0.5%) | |
23 | Do you think that reinfections with COVID-19 can occur? | |
No | 27 (13.9%) | |
Yes, in less than 6 months with the same viral strain | 60 (30.9%) | |
Yes, after at least 6 months with the same viral strain | 24 (12.4%) | |
Yes, after at least 12 months with the same viral strain | 9 (4.6%) | |
Yes, after at least 12 months with a new mutated viral strain Missing | 71 (36.6%) 3 (1.5%) | |
25 | Do you think it will be possible to eradicate COVID-19 infection? | |
No, it will remain a permanent viral infection in the population | 125 (64.4%) | |
Yes, within 3 months | 1 (0.5%) | |
Yes, within 6 months | 3 (1.5%) | |
Yes, within 12 months | 13 (6.7%) | |
Yes, after at least 24 months | 51 (26.3%) | |
26 | Dou you think it is possible to have persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in the human body with subsequently periodic reactivation? | |
Yes | 47 (24.2%) | |
No | 44 (22.7%) | |
Not sure | 101 (52.1%) |
Questions 27–28 of the Physicians’ Perspectives on COVID-19 Questionnaire | ||
---|---|---|
27 | Do you consider that you receive enough information about COVID-19? | |
Yes | 106 (54.6%) | |
No | 40 (20.6%) | |
Not sure | 47 (24.2%) | |
28 | Where do you get medical/scientific information about COVID-19? | |
Medical journals | 167 (86.1%) | |
Scientific societies websites | 160 (82.5%) | |
Internal hospital protocols at workplace | 127 (65.5%) | |
Hospital protocols from other than workplace | 84 (43.3%) | |
Social media | 93 (47.9%) | |
Other (please specify) | 9 (4.5%) |
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Dima, A.; Balaban, D.V.; Jurcut, C.; Berza, I.; Jurcut, R.; Jinga, M. Physicians’ Perspectives on COVID-19: An International Survey. Healthcare 2020, 8, 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030250
Dima A, Balaban DV, Jurcut C, Berza I, Jurcut R, Jinga M. Physicians’ Perspectives on COVID-19: An International Survey. Healthcare. 2020; 8(3):250. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030250
Chicago/Turabian StyleDima, Alina, Daniel Vasile Balaban, Ciprian Jurcut, Ioana Berza, Ruxandra Jurcut, and Mariana Jinga. 2020. "Physicians’ Perspectives on COVID-19: An International Survey" Healthcare 8, no. 3: 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030250