Poverty Status and Childhood Asthma in White and Black Families: National Survey of Children’s Health
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design and Setting
2.2. Ethics
2.3. Sampling
2.4. Data Collection
2.5. Variables
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptives
3.2. Bivariate Correaltions
3.3. Pooled Sample Logistic Regressions
3.4. Race Stratified Logistic Regressions
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | All (n = 86,537) | Whites (n = 76,403) | Blacks (n = 10,134) |
---|---|---|---|
% (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | |
Child Race | |||
White | 82.27 (81.69–82.83) | - | - |
Black | 17.73 (17.17–18.31) | - | - |
Child Gender | |||
Male | 51.08 (50.43–51.73) | 51.45 (50.77–52.13) | 49.38 (47.55–51.21) |
Female | 48.92 (48.27–49.57) | 48.55 (47.87–49.23) | 50.62 (48.79–52.45) |
Parental Education (High school) * | |||
No | 29.00 (28.37–29.63) | 26.24 (25.61–26.89) | 41.77 (39.93–43.63) |
Yes | 71.00 (70.37–71.63) | 73.76 (73.11–74.39) | 58.23 (56.37–60.07) |
Family Living Outside Poverty * | |||
No | 13.32 (12.79–13.85) | 9.58 (10.08–10.08) | 30.62 (28.86–32.45) |
Yes | 86.68 (86.15–87.21) | 90.42 (89.92–90.89) | 69.38 (67.55–71.14) |
Child Overweight * | |||
No | 75.84 (75.27–76.40) | 78.56 (77.99–79.11) | 63.23 (61.41–65.00) |
Yes | 24.16 (23.60–24.73) | 21.44 (20.89–22.01) | 36.77 (35.00–38.59) |
Child Asthma * | |||
No | 86.20 (85.74–86.65) | 87.37 (86.92–87.81) | 80.75 (79.20–82.22) |
Yes | 13.80 (13.35–14.26) | 12.63 (12.19–13.08) | 19.25 (17.78–20.80) |
Mean (CI) | Mean (CI) | Mean (CI) | |
Child Age (Year) | 8.71 (8.65–8.77) | 8.68 (8.62–8.74) | 8.84 (8.67–9.00) |
Income to Need Ratio * | 5.38 (5.35–5.41) | 5.70 (5.66–5.73) | 3.90 (3.82–3.99) |
Characteristics | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 Child Race (Blacks) | 1.00 | ||||||
2 Child Gender (Females) | 0.01 * | 1.00 | |||||
3 Child Age (Year) | −0.00 | −0.01 * | 1.00 | ||||
4 Low Parental Education (Low SES) | −0.10 * | −0.00 | −0.03 | 1.00 | |||
5 Living Above the Poverty Line (High SES) | 0.19 * | 0.00 | −0.03 | −0.27 * | 1.00 | ||
6 Childhood Overweight | 0.12 * | −0.07 * | −0.26 * | −0.09 * | 0.09 * | 1.00 | |
7 Childhood Asthma | 0.06 * | −0.06 * | 0.06 | −0.02 * | 0.04 | 0.04 | 1.00 |
Characteristics | Model 1 (All; n = 86,537) | Model 2 (All; n = 86,537) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Main Effects | Main Effects + Interactions | |||||
OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | |
Living Above the Poverty Line | 0.84 ** | 0.74–0.95 | 0.008 | 0.73 *** | 0.63–0.85 | 0.001 |
Parental Education (Low) | 0.93 | 0.85–1.02 | 0.140 | 0.95 | 0.86–1.04 | 0.271 |
Child Race (Blacks) | 1.55 *** | 1.38–1.73 | 0.001 | 1.21 | 0.93–1.58 | 0.163 |
Child Gender (Females) | 0.68 *** | 0.63–0.73 | 0.001 | 0.68 *** | 0.63–0.73 | 0.001 |
Child Age (Year) | 1.04 *** | 1.03–1.05 | 0.001 | 1.04 *** | 1.03–1.05 | 0.001 |
Childhood Overweight | 1.35 *** | 1.23–1.49 | 0.001 | 1.35 *** | 1.22–1.48 | 0.001 |
Low Parental Education × Race | - | - | - | 0.95 | 0.75–1.19 | 0.635 |
Living Above the Poverty Line × Race | - | - | - | 1.41 * | 1.08–1.86 | 0.013 |
Intercept | 0.19 *** | 0.16–0.23 | 0.001 | 0.22 *** | 0.17–0.27 | 0.001 |
Characteristics | Model 3 (Whites; n = 76,403) | Model 4 (Blacks; n = 10,134) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | |
Living Above the Poverty Line | 0.73 *** | 0.63–0.84 | 0.001 | 1.05 | 0.84–1.32 | 0.679 |
Low Parental Education | 0.94 | 0.85–1.04 | 0.242 | 0.90 | 0.74–1.11 | 0.339 |
Child Gender (Females) | 0.66 *** | 0.61–0.72 | 0.001 | 0.73 ** | 0.60–0.89 | 0.002 |
Child Age (Year) | 1.05 *** | 1.04–1.06 | 0.001 | 1.01 | 0.99–1.03 | 0.436 |
Childhood Overweight | 1.36 *** | 1.22–1.51 | 0.001 | 1.28 * | 1.03–1.58 | 0.026 |
Intercept | 0.20 *** | 0.16–0.26 | 0.001 | 0.32 *** | 0.20–0.50 | 0.001 |
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Assari, S.; Moghani Lankarani, M. Poverty Status and Childhood Asthma in White and Black Families: National Survey of Children’s Health. Healthcare 2018, 6, 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare6020062
Assari S, Moghani Lankarani M. Poverty Status and Childhood Asthma in White and Black Families: National Survey of Children’s Health. Healthcare. 2018; 6(2):62. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare6020062
Chicago/Turabian StyleAssari, Shervin, and Maryam Moghani Lankarani. 2018. "Poverty Status and Childhood Asthma in White and Black Families: National Survey of Children’s Health" Healthcare 6, no. 2: 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare6020062