Efficacy and Safety of Oral Herbal Medicine Combined with Diosmectite for Pediatric Rotavirus Gastroenteritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Round 1
Reviewer 1 Report
Comments and Suggestions for Authors- The authors acknowledge the quality issues of included studies, yet still present strong language suggesting clinical effectiveness, which is not justified given the certainty ratings. Reframe conclusions to emphasize hypothesis-generating evidence, not efficacy. Explicitly state that current evidence is insufficient to inform clinical guidelines. This also includes the conclusion at the abstract.
- TER is subjective, inconsistently defined, highly prone to bias, and not accepted in international infectious disease or pediatric guidelines.
- Biomarkers such as CRP, IL-6, and IL-8 are not routinely used in uncomplicated pediatric rotavirus gastroenteritis, and their reductions lack clear clinical interpretation.
- Please acknowledge that some herbal components have known pediatric toxicity risks that are insufficiently discussed in the manuscript.
- Lower adverse event rates in the intervention group are likely due to underreporting and short follow-up, not proven safety. Please acknowledge and discuss this.
- All trials conducted in China with region-specific herbal formulations and care standards, limiting generalizability to other healthcare settings. This should be acknowledged & discussed.
- The manuscript does not strongly reiterate that oral rehydration remains the cornerstone of management, with adjunctive therapies remaining experimental. This should be mentioned.
Author Response
Dear Reviewer 1,
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Comments 1: The authors acknowledge the quality issues of included studies, yet still present strong language suggesting clinical effectiveness, which is not justified given the certainty ratings. Reframe conclusions to emphasize hypothesis-generating evidence, not efficacy. Explicitly state that current evidence is insufficient to inform clinical guidelines. This also includes the conclusion at the abstract.
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Response 1: Thank you for pointing this out. We agree with this comment. In response, we have revised the conclusion at the abstract, discussion, and the conclusion section.
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Comments 2: TER is subjective, inconsistently defined, highly prone to bias, and not accepted in international infectious disease or pediatric guidelines.
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Response 2: We agree that TER is a subjective outcome measure with inconsistent definitions across studies and is not recognized in international infectious disease or pediatric guidelines. In response, we have clarified this limitation in the Discussion section and emphasized that TER should be interpreted with caution due to its susceptibility to bias and lack of standardized criteria.
Comments 3: Biomarkers such as CRP, IL-6, and IL-8 are not routinely used in uncomplicated pediatric rotavirus gastroenteritis, and their reductions lack clear clinical interpretation.
Response 3: We agree that biomarkers such as CRP, IL-6, and IL-8 are not routinely used in the management of uncomplicated pediatric rotavirus gastroenteritis, and that the clinical interpretation of their reduction remains uncertain. In response, we have revised the Discussion section to clarify this point and to emphasize that the observed biomarker changes should not be interpreted as definitive evidence of clinically meaningful benefit.
Comments 4: Please acknowledge that some herbal components have known pediatric toxicity risks that are insufficiently discussed in the manuscript. Lower adverse event rates in the intervention group are likely due to underreporting and short follow-up, not proven safety. Please acknowledge and discuss this.
Response 4: We also agree that the lower adverse event rates observed in the intervention group may reflect underreporting, short follow-up duration, and incomplete safety monitoring rather than definitive evidence of superior safety. Accordingly, we have revised the manuscript to clarify this point and to emphasize the need for rigorous and standardized safety assessments in future trials.
Comments 5: All trials conducted in China with region-specific herbal formulations and care standards, limiting generalizability to other healthcare settings. This should be acknowledged & discussed.
Response 5: We agree that the fact that all included trials were conducted in China, using region-specific herbal formulations and healthcare standards, may limit the generalizability of the findings to other healthcare settings. In response, we have explicitly acknowledged and discussed this limitation in the Discussion section, emphasizing the restricted external applicability of the results.
Comments 6: The manuscript does not strongly reiterate that oral rehydration remains the cornerstone of management, with adjunctive therapies remaining experimental. This should be mentioned.
Response 6: We agree that oral rehydration therapy remains the cornerstone of management for pediatric rotavirus gastroenteritis and that adjunctive therapies should not be interpreted as established first-line treatments. In response, we have revised the Discussion section to explicitly reiterate that oral rehydration remains the standard of care and that herbal medicine should be considered an adjunctive and investigational approach pending further high-quality evidence.
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Reviewer 2 Report
Comments and Suggestions for AuthorsReview
The study entitled “Efficacy and Safety of Oral Herbal Medicine Combined with Diosmectite for Pediatric Rotavirus Gastroenteritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis” is timely and clinically relevant. The findings may contribute to evidence-based management of pediatric rotavirus gastroenteritis. However, several issues require attention.
1. Although the Introduction provides an adequate clinical overview, it remains largely descriptive. As a systematic review and meta-analysis, the manuscript would benefit from clearer articulation of the research question and a stronger justification of how evidence synthesis and meta-analytic methods address existing uncertainties in the literature.
2. There is an inconsistency between the population emphasized in the Introduction and the eligibility criteria. While the Introduction focuses on infants and children under five years of age, the Methods include participants under 18 years. The authors should clarify the rationale for this age range and consider alignment with the stated clinical focus or conduct age-stratified analyses.
3. The search strategy lacks sufficient transparency. Providing detailed keyword combinations and search strings for each database, either in the main text or supplementary materials, would improve reproducibility and methodological rigor.
4. Figure 3 shows a high proportion of studies with unclear risk of bias, particularly in randomization and outcome reporting. The implications of this for the robustness and certainty of the pooled estimates should be more explicitly discussed, and sensitivity analyses based on risk-of-bias levels should be considered where feasible.
Author Response
Dear Reviewer 2,
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Comments 1: Although the Introduction provides an adequate clinical overview, it remains largely descriptive. As a systematic review and meta-analysis, the manuscript would benefit from clearer articulation of the research question and a stronger justification of how evidence synthesis and meta-analytic methods address existing uncertainties in the literature.
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Response 1: We thank the reviewer for this insightful comment. We have revised the Introduction to more clearly articulate the research question and to strengthen the justification for conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Comments 2: There is an inconsistency between the population emphasized in the Introduction and the eligibility criteria. While the Introduction focuses on infants and children under five years of age, the Methods include participants under 18 years. The authors should clarify the rationale for this age range and consider alignment with the stated clinical focus or conduct age-stratified analyses.
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Response 2: We thank the reviewer for this important observation. In the Introduction, we emphasized infants and children under five years of age because rotavirus gastroenteritis is known to be most severe and clinically impactful in younger children, particularly those under five years. This was intended to highlight the clinical significance of the condition rather than to restrict the target population.
Our review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of HM combined with diosmectite in pediatric rotavirus gastroenteritis broadly defined. The pediatric population was defined as individuals younger than 18 years in accordance with standard clinical definitions. Although most included studies enrolled children younger than three years, one study [43] included participants up to seven years of age. Given the limited number of studies involving older children and the lack of sufficient data stratified by age, conducting age-specific subgroup analyses was not feasible.
Comments 3: The search strategy lacks sufficient transparency. Providing detailed keyword combinations and search strings for each database, either in the main text or supplementary materials, would improve reproducibility and methodological rigor.
Response 3: We thank the reviewer for this important suggestion. We have revised the 2.3. Information Sources and Search Strategy section to clarify the core search concepts and have provided the complete search strategies for each database in Supplementary Table S2.
Comments 4: Figure 3 shows a high proportion of studies with unclear risk of bias, particularly in randomization and outcome reporting. The implications of this for the robustness and certainty of the pooled estimates should be more explicitly discussed, and sensitivity analyses based on risk-of-bias levels should be considered where feasible.
Response 4: We thank the reviewer for this valuable suggestion. In accordance with the reviewer’s recommendation, we performed additional sensitivity analyses excluding studies judged to be at high risk of bias. The results have been added to the Sensitivity Analyses section. The pooled estimates remained consistent after exclusion of high-risk studies, supporting the robustness of the findings.
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Reviewer 3 Report
Comments and Suggestions for AuthorsThe study highlights a curious and innovative combination for controlling rotavirus diarrhea in children. Although there are still aspects to be clarified, it appears to be a potential solution. The following considerations are made with regard to the article:
- More concise abstract.
- What is the justification or interest in using Diosmectite?
- The inclusion and exclusion criteria for participants need to be clarified.
- With regard to Diosmectite, expand on the possible mechanism of action of Diosmectite and Herbal Medicines. Is there any data available on dosage?
- Potential drug and food interactions with the use of Diosmectite are not described.
- The conclusions should be more specific and less generic.
Author Response
Dear Reviewer 3,
Comments 1: More concise abstract.
Response 1: We appreciate the reviewer’s helpful suggestion. The abstract has been revised and condensed to comply with the journal’s word limit and formatting requirements.
Comments 2: What is the justification or interest in using Diosmectite?
Response 2: We have revised the Introduction to more clearly explain the clinical rationale for including diosmectite. Although oral rehydration therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment for pediatric rotavirus gastroenteritis, diosmectite is commonly used as an adjunctive therapy in routine clinical practice. Evidence from a Cochrane review suggests that diosmectite may modestly reduce diarrhea duration and stool output in children with acute gastroenteritis.
Comments 3: The inclusion and exclusion criteria for participants need to be clarified.
Response 3: We have revised the Methods section to clearly specify the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Comments 4: With regard to Diosmectite, expand on the possible mechanism of action of Diosmectite and Herbal Medicines. Is there any data available on dosage?
Response 4: We thank the reviewer for this valuable suggestion. We have expanded the Discussion section to provide a more detailed explanation of the potential mechanisms of action of both diosmectite and HM, including their complementary effects on luminal adsorption, mucosal barrier protection, inflammatory modulation, and intestinal recovery. We also emphasized that the precise interactions and potential synergistic mechanisms between these therapies remain insufficiently elucidated and should be interpreted with caution.
Regarding dosage, we have clarified that diosmectite has established age-specific pediatric dosing regimens (summarized in Supplementary Table S4). In addition, the compositions and dosages of the herbal formulations used in the included trials are summarized in Table 2.
Comments 5: Potential drug and food interactions with the use of Diosmectite are not described.
Response 5: We thank the reviewer for this helpful comment. We have added a sentence in the Discussion section addressing potential drug and food interactions associated with diosmectite, including its adsorptive properties and the recommendation to separate administration from other oral medications.
Comments 6: The conclusions should be more specific and less generic.
Response 6: We thank the reviewer for this valuable suggestion. The Conclusion section has been revised to provide a more specific summary of the main findings
Round 2
Reviewer 1 Report
Comments and Suggestions for AuthorsThe authors have addressed my remarks and concerns sufficiently.
