Effect of Instant Messaging-Based Integrated Healthcare on Medical Service Use and Care Outcomes in Patients with Disabilities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Sources and Measurement of Data
2.3. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF)
2.4. Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI)
2.5. Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS)
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CBI | Care burden index |
WHOQOL-BREF | The World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version |
SSRS | Social support rating scale |
ADL | Activities of daily living |
QOL | Quality of life |
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LINE Group (n = 66) | Control Group (n = 66) | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (mean ± SD) | 64.1 ± 14.7 | 68.7 ± 13.8 | 0.066 | |
Sex (n) | male | 30 | 30 | 1.0 |
female | 36 | 36 | ||
Education (n) | low literacy | 14 | 11 | 0.672 |
less than junior high school | 17 | 21 | ||
high school or above | 35 | 34 |
LINE Group | p | Control Group | p | p Between Groups | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | 3 Months | 6 Months | 12 Months | Within Group | Baseline | 3 Months | 6 Months | 12 Months | Within Group | p1 | p2 | p3 | |
outpatient visit (mean ± SD; median) | 5.4 ± 3.3 5 | 5.1 ± 3.7 4 | 4.9 ± 3.5 4 | 3.9 ± 2.7 3 | 0.001 * | 4.4 ± 3.4 3 | 4.2 ± 3.5 3 | 3.8 ± 3.0 3 | 4.3 ± 3.1 3 | 0.125 | 0.415 | 0.022 * | <0.001 * |
hospitalization (mean ± SD; median) | 0.1 ± 0.3 0 | 0.1 ± 0.4 0 | 0.1 ± 0.3 0 | 0.2 ± 0.6 0 | 0.505 | 0.1 ± 0.3 0 | 0.0 ± 0.1 0 | 0.0 ± 0.2 0 | 0.0 ± 0.1 0 | 0.865 | 0.346 | 0.396 | 0.764 |
medication quantity (mean ± SD; median) | 6.9 ± 4.0 6 | 4.9 ± 3.7 4 | 4.8 ± 3.9 5 | 4.0 ± 3.7 3.5 | <0.001 * | 8.1 ± 4.1 8 | 8.1 ± 3.9 7.5 | 8.6 ± 4.3 8 | 8.8 ± 4.4 8.5 | 0.063 | 0.028 * | 0.165 | 0.026 * |
Outcome | Group Effect (η2) | Time Effect (η2) | Interaction Effect (η2) |
---|---|---|---|
Outpatient visits | 0.012 | 0.036 | 0.040 |
Hospitalization | 0.073 | 0.0019 | 0.006 |
Medication quantity | 0.200 | 0.018 | 0.057 |
Baseline | 3 Months | 6 Months | 12 Months | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SSRS (mean ± SD) | 57.5 ± 10.0 | 57.8 ± 9.9 | 57.5 ± 10.7 | 56.1 ± 10.5 | 0.205 |
WHOQOL-BREF (mean ± SD) | 49.8 ± 6.3 | 48.8 ± 6.3 | 50.8 ± 9.1 | 49.2 ± 7.0 | 0.588 |
CBI (mean ± SD) | 45.7 ± 15.6 | 43.9 ± 14.6 | 42.5 ± 16.0 | 41.8 ± 16.4 | 0.024 * |
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Hsieh, H.-C.; Lee, Y.-Y.; Chen, N.-C.; Hu, Y.-C.; Wang, L.-Y. Effect of Instant Messaging-Based Integrated Healthcare on Medical Service Use and Care Outcomes in Patients with Disabilities. Healthcare 2025, 13, 1335. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13111335
Hsieh H-C, Lee Y-Y, Chen N-C, Hu Y-C, Wang L-Y. Effect of Instant Messaging-Based Integrated Healthcare on Medical Service Use and Care Outcomes in Patients with Disabilities. Healthcare. 2025; 13(11):1335. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13111335
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsieh, Han-Chin, Yan-Yuh Lee, Nai-Ching Chen, Ya-Chuan Hu, and Lin-Yi Wang. 2025. "Effect of Instant Messaging-Based Integrated Healthcare on Medical Service Use and Care Outcomes in Patients with Disabilities" Healthcare 13, no. 11: 1335. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13111335
APA StyleHsieh, H.-C., Lee, Y.-Y., Chen, N.-C., Hu, Y.-C., & Wang, L.-Y. (2025). Effect of Instant Messaging-Based Integrated Healthcare on Medical Service Use and Care Outcomes in Patients with Disabilities. Healthcare, 13(11), 1335. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13111335