Association between Subjective Cognitive Complaints and Sleep Disturbance among Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals in Japan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. General Cognitive Functioning (MMSE)
2.2. SCC (KCL-CF)
2.3. Insomnia Symptoms (AIS-J)
2.4. Depressive Symptoms (GDS-5)
2.5. Risk Factors for Dementia Development
2.6. Sample Size Calculation
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | SCC | Non-SCC | |
---|---|---|---|
AIS-J | No insomnia | 49 | 110 |
Nocturnal insomnia | 27 | 21 | |
Pathological insomnia | 20 | 14 |
Variable | SCC | Non-SCC | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 96) | (n = 145) | |||
Attribute | Age (yr) ☨ | 78.25 ± 5.95 | 76.70 ± 5.80 | 0.05 |
Sex: Male/Female (n) | 19/77 | 20/125 | 0.22 | |
BMI (kg/m2) * | 22.42 ± 3.43 | 22.48 ± 3.29 | 0.72 | |
Educational history (yr) * | 11.178 ± 2.23 | 11.91 ± 2.41 | 0.02 | |
Mental and physical indicator | AIS-J (score) * | 3.70 ± 3.09 | 2.41 ± 2.20 | 0.001 |
GDS-5 (score) * | 0.95 ± 1.20 | 0.52 ± 0.84 | 0.004 | |
MMSE (score) * | 27.88 ± 1.95 | 28.39 ± 1.85 | 0.02 | |
Medical visits due to disease | Hypertension: yes/no (n) | 45/51 | 52/93 | 0.09 |
Diabetes: yes/no (n) | 10/86 | 16/129 | 0.88 | |
Hyperlipidemia: yes/no (n) | 13/83 | 34/111 | 0.06 | |
Cerebrovascular disease: yes/no (n) | 5/91 | 5/140 | 0.50 | |
Presence of dementia risk | Hearing loss: yes/no (n) | 28/68 | 32/113 | 0.21 |
History of head injury: yes/no (n) | 8/88 | 6/139 | 0.17 | |
Past or current drinking habits: yes/no (n) | 27/69 | 39/106 | 0.83 | |
Past or current smoking habits: yes/no (n) | 23/73 | 13/132 | 0.001 | |
Social isolation: yes/no (n) | 9/87 | 20/125 | 0.30 | |
Physical inactivity: yes/no (n) | 28/67 | 68/114 | 0.17 |
Variable | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
95% CI for OR | 95% CI for OR | |||||||||
OR | Lower | Upper | p | OR | Lower | Upper | p | |||
Attribute | Age (yr) | 1.05 | 1.00 | 1.09 | 0.05 | 1.03 | 0.97 | 1.09 | 0.37 | |
Sex | Female | 0.65 | 0.33 | 1.29 | 0.22 | 0.68 | 0.21 | 2.23 | 0.53 | |
Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.99 | 0.92 | 1.07 | 0.89 | 0.97 | 0.88 | 1.06 | 0.46 | ||
Educational history (yr) | 0.87 | 0.78 | 0.98 | 0.02 | 0.87 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 0.06 | ||
Mental and physical indicator | AIS-J (score) | 1.21 | 1.09 | 1.34 | 0.001 | 1.16 | 1.03 | 1.31 | 0.02 | |
GDS-5 (score) | 1.52 | 1.17 | 1.98 | 0.004 | 1.33 | 0.98 | 1.82 | 0.07 | ||
MMSE (score) | 0.87 | 0.76 | 0.99 | 0.04 | 0.91 | 0.77 | 1.07 | 0.25 | ||
Medical visits due to disease | Hypertension | Yes | 1.58 | 0.93 | 2.67 | 0.09 | 1.68 | 0.90 | 3.16 | 0.11 |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
Diabetes | Yes | 0.94 | 0.41 | 2.16 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.33 | 2.35 | 0.80 | |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
Hyperlipidemia | Yes | 0.51 | 0.25 | 1.03 | 0.06 | 0.59 | 0.27 | 1.28 | 0.18 | |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
Cerebrovascular disease | Yes | 1.54 | 0.43 | 5.46 | 0.51 | 1.26 | 0.28 | 5.66 | 0.77 | |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
Presence of dementia risk | Hearing loss | Yes | 1.45 | 0.81 | 2.62 | 0.21 | 0.99 | 0.48 | 2.03 | 0.98 |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
History of head injury | Yes | 2.11 | 0.71 | 6.27 | 0.18 | 2.42 | 0.65 | 8.99 | 0.19 | |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
Past or current drinking habits | Yes | 1.06 | 0.60 | 1.89 | 0.83 | 0.80 | 0.37 | 1.75 | 0.58 | |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
Past or current smoking habits | Yes | 3.20 | 1.53 | 6.69 | 0.001 | 3.48 | 1.24 | 9.70 | 0.02 | |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
Social isolation | Yes | 0.65 | 0.28 | 1.49 | 0.30 | 0.48 | 0.18 | 1.23 | 0.12 | |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
Physical inactivity | Yes | 1.51 | 0.84 | 2.74 | 0.17 | 1.55 | 0.76 | 3.18 | 0.23 | |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
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Goda, A.; Nakano, H.; Kikuchi, Y.; Mori, K.; Mitsumaru, N.; Murata, S. Association between Subjective Cognitive Complaints and Sleep Disturbance among Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals in Japan. Healthcare 2024, 12, 1245. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12131245
Goda A, Nakano H, Kikuchi Y, Mori K, Mitsumaru N, Murata S. Association between Subjective Cognitive Complaints and Sleep Disturbance among Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals in Japan. Healthcare. 2024; 12(13):1245. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12131245
Chicago/Turabian StyleGoda, Akio, Hideki Nakano, Yuki Kikuchi, Kohei Mori, Nozomi Mitsumaru, and Shin Murata. 2024. "Association between Subjective Cognitive Complaints and Sleep Disturbance among Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals in Japan" Healthcare 12, no. 13: 1245. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12131245
APA StyleGoda, A., Nakano, H., Kikuchi, Y., Mori, K., Mitsumaru, N., & Murata, S. (2024). Association between Subjective Cognitive Complaints and Sleep Disturbance among Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals in Japan. Healthcare, 12(13), 1245. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12131245