Cardiotoxicity of Electronic Cigarettes and Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Products—A Problem for the Modern Pediatric Cardiologist
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Molecular Basis of the Cardiovascular Damage Associated with ENDS and HTPs
3. Pathophysiology of Cardiac Toxicity in ENDS and HTPs Usage
Conventional Cigarettes | E-Cigarettes | “Heat Not Burn” Products | |
---|---|---|---|
↓ blood pressure ↓ heart rate [96,97] | ↓ systolic and diastolic blood pressure [98] | ||
↑ mitral annulus diastolic velocity, diastolic strain rate ↓ isovolumetric relaxation time, myocardial performance [99] | similar effects on heart rate, blood pressure and risk of arterial stiffness [38] | ||
No sign. increases in arterial stiffness, heart rate, blood pressure [100] | |||
↑ fluoreodeoxyglucose uptake in spleen and aortic tissue (indicating activation of the splenocardiac axis) [101] | ↑ fluoreodeoxyglucose uptake in spleen and aortic tissue [101] | ↓ vascular endothelial dysfunction ↓ oxidative stress than e-cigs and traditional cigs [65] | |
↓ blood pressure after switching to e-cigs for 52 weeks [102] | |||
no diff. in baseline heartrate and hemodynamics ↑ heart rate, blood pressure [103] | no diff. in baseline heartrate and hemodynamics [103] | ||
↑ blood levels of endothelial progenitor cells [104] | |||
↑ levels of soluble NOX2-derived peptide ↓ Nitric oxide bioavailability [104] | |||
↑ blood pressure after 5 min traditional smoking ⇔ ↑ blood pressure after 30 min. of e-cigs [105] | |||
↑ blood pressure and heart rate in occasional tobacco smokers | |||
↑ improvements in endothelial function, vascular stiffness after switching to e-cigs in acute smokers, but no effect for chronic smokers ↓ systolic blood pressure |
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Luca, A.-C.; Curpăn, A.-Ș.; Iordache, A.-C.; Mîndru, D.E.; Țarcă, E.; Luca, F.-A.; Pădureț, I.-A. Cardiotoxicity of Electronic Cigarettes and Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Products—A Problem for the Modern Pediatric Cardiologist. Healthcare 2023, 11, 491. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040491
Luca A-C, Curpăn A-Ș, Iordache A-C, Mîndru DE, Țarcă E, Luca F-A, Pădureț I-A. Cardiotoxicity of Electronic Cigarettes and Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Products—A Problem for the Modern Pediatric Cardiologist. Healthcare. 2023; 11(4):491. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040491
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuca, Alina-Costina, Alexandrina-Ștefania Curpăn, Alin-Constantin Iordache, Dana Elena Mîndru, Elena Țarcă, Florin-Alexandru Luca, and Ioana-Alexandra Pădureț. 2023. "Cardiotoxicity of Electronic Cigarettes and Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Products—A Problem for the Modern Pediatric Cardiologist" Healthcare 11, no. 4: 491. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040491
APA StyleLuca, A.-C., Curpăn, A.-Ș., Iordache, A.-C., Mîndru, D. E., Țarcă, E., Luca, F.-A., & Pădureț, I.-A. (2023). Cardiotoxicity of Electronic Cigarettes and Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Products—A Problem for the Modern Pediatric Cardiologist. Healthcare, 11(4), 491. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040491