Preliminary Results of Preoperative Planning Using 3D Printing and Augmented Reality in Cryotherapy Treatment of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone—CRIO2AR Project
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patient | GCT Localization | Treatment |
---|---|---|
GROUP 1—Patient treated without cryotherapy | ||
1 | Proxymal Tibia | Curettage and bone grafting |
2 | Hand Proxymal Phalanx | Curettage and bone grafting |
3 | Distal Femur | Curettage and bone grafting |
4 | Hand Metacarpal | Curettage and bone grafting |
5 | Distal Femur | Curettage and bone grafting |
GROUP 2—Patient treated with cryotherapy and without AR planning | ||
6 | Distal Femur—Recurrence | Curettage and cementation |
7 | Distal Femur | Curettage and cementation |
8 | Patella | Curettage and cementation |
GROUP 3—Patient treated with cryotherapy and AR planning | ||
9 | Distal Femur | Curettage and cementation |
10 | Distal Femur | Curettage and cementation |
11 | Distal Femur | Curettage and bone grafting |
Item Score from 1 to 5 (1 = Completely Disagree; 3 = Neutral; 5 = Completely Agree) | Patient and Score | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |
1—It was easy to plan the surgery | 3 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
2—I entered the operating room with complete awareness of lesion location and extent | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
3—I entered the operating room with a complete awareness of the relationship between the lesion and the surrounding anatomical structures | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
4—In the operating room, there were no deviations from what was planned | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 5 |
5—I am confident of the accuracy of the resection margins | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 4 |
6—No predictable adverse events occurred in the operating room | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
7—I consider the invasiveness of the surgical procedure appropriate to the complexity of the case | 4 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
8—I consider the total surgery time adequate compared to the complexity of the case | 4 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Items Administered only in Group 2 and 3 (Patient treated with cryotherapy) | |||||||||||
9—I placed the cryoprobes as planned preoperatively | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
10—I am satisfied with the cryoprobes placement | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
11—I believe that cryotherapy treatment increased the surgical outcome | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Items Administered only in Group 3 (Preoperative planning with AR and patient treated with cryotherapy) | |||||||||||
12—Planning with augmented reality has been easy | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | 5 | 5 |
13—Planning with augmented reality has been helpful | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | 5 | 5 |
14—The simulation turned out to be true to reality | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | 5 | 5 |
15—Planning with augmented reality allowed me to improve my understanding of the location and extent of the injury | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | 5 | 5 |
16—Planning with augmented reality allowed me to improve my understanding of the relationship between the lesion and the surrounding anatomical structures | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | 5 | 5 |
17—Planning with augmented reality was helpful to me in defining the placement of cryo-probes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | 5 | 5 |
18—Planning with augmented reality has sped up the placement of cryoprobes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | 5 | 5 |
19—The surgical procedure was smooth and free of any complications | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | 5 | 5 |
20—Length of hospitalization has been regular compared to the complexity of the case/intervention | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | 5 | 4 |
21—Length of hospitalization has been faster than average considering the complexity of the case/intervention | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 3 | 4 |
22—Length of hospitalization has been slower than average considering the complexity of the case/intervention | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 3 | 2 |
Item Score from 1 to 5 (1 = Completely Disagree; 3 = Neutral; 5 = Completely Agree) | Patient Number | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6 | 7 | 8 | ||||||||||
Months after Surgery | ||||||||||||
0 | 2 | 6 | 12 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 12 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 12 | |
1—Do you have trouble doing strenuous activities, like carrying a heavy shopping bag or suitcase? | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
2—Do you have difficulties taking a long walk? | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
3—Do you have difficulties taking a short walk outside the house? | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
4—Do you need to stay in bed or a chair during the day? | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 |
5—Do you need help eating, dressing, washing by yourself or using the bathroom? | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
In the last week: | ||||||||||||
6—Were you limited to doing your work or other daily activities? | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 |
7—Have you been restricted in pursuing your hobbies or other leisure activities? | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
8—Were you short of breath? | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
9—Did you have pain? | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 1 |
10—Did you need to rest? | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
11—Did you have trouble sleeping? | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
12—Did you feel weak? | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
13—Were you tired? | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
14—Has the pain interfered with your daily activities? | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
15—Have you had difficulty concentrating on things, like reading a newspaper or watching television? | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
16—Did you feel tense? | 5 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
17—Did you get worried? | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
18—Did you feel irritable? | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
19—Did you feel depressed? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
20—Did you have difficulty remembering things? | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
21—Has your physical condition or medical treatment interfered with your family life? | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
22—Has your physical condition or medical treatment interfered with your social activities? | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
23—Has your physical condition or medical treatment caused you financial difficulties? | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
24—How would you rate your overall health during the past week? | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
25—How would you rate your overall quality of life during the past week? | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
NRS Scale Score | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
Item Score from 1 to 5 (1 = Completely Disagree; 3 = Neutral; 5 = Completely Agree) | Patient Number | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9 | 10 | 11 | ||||||||||
Months after Surgery | ||||||||||||
0 | 2 | 6 | 12 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 12 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 12 | |
1—Do you have trouble doing strenuous activities, like carrying a heavy shopping bag or suitcase? | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | |||
2—Do you have difficulties taking a long walk? | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 4 | |||
3—Do you have difficulties taking a short walk outside the house? | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 4 | |||
4—Do you need to stay in bed or a chair during the day? | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 2 | |||
5—Do you need help eating, dressing, washing by yourself or using the bathroom? | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | |||
In the last week: | ||||||||||||
6—Were you limited to doing your work or other daily activities? | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 4 | |||
7—Have you been restricted in pursuing your hobbies or other leisure activities? | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 4 | |||
8—Were you short of breath? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | |||
9—Did you have pain? | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 3 | |||
10—Did you need to rest? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | |||
11—Did you have trouble sleeping? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | |||
12—Did you feel weak? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | |||
13—Were you tired? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
14—Has the pain interfered with your daily activities? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | |||
15—Have you had difficulty concentrating on things, like reading a newspaper or watching television? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |||
16—Did you feel tense? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | |||
17—Did you get worried? | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 2 | |||
18—Did you feel irritable? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | |||
19—Did you feel depressed? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | |||
20—Did you have difficulty remembering things? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
21—Has your physical condition or medical treatment interfered with your family life? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |||
22—Has your physical condition or medical treatment interfered with your social activities? | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 4 | |||
23—Has your physical condition or medical treatment caused you financial difficulties? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | |||
24—How would you rate your overall health during the past week? | 2 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | |||
25—How would you rate your overall quality of life during the past week? | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | |||
NRS Scale Score | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 1 |
Item Score from 1 to 5 (1 = Completely Disagree; 3 = neutral; 5 = Completely Agree) | Patient Number | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
1—Do you have trouble doing strenuous activities, like carrying a heavy shopping bag or suitcase? | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
2—Do you have difficulties taking a long walk? | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
3—Do you have difficulties taking a short walk outside the house? | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
4—Do you need to stay in bed or a chair during the day? | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
5—Do you need help eating, dressing, washing by yourself or using the bathroom? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
In the last week: | |||||
6—Were you limited to doing your work or other daily activities? | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
7—Have you been restricted in pursuing your hobbies or other leisure activities? | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 |
8—Were you short of breath? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
9—Did you have pain? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
10—Did you need to rest? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
11—Did you have trouble sleeping? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
12—Did you feel weak? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
13—Were you tired? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
14—Has the pain interfered with your daily activities? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
15—Have you had difficulty concentrating on things, like reading a newspaper or watching television? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
16—Did you feel tense? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
17—Did you get worried? | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
18—Did you feel irritable? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
19—Did you feel depressed? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
20—Did you have difficulty remembering things? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
21—Has your physical condition or medical treatment interfered with your family life? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
22—Has your physical condition or medical treatment interfered with your social activities? | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
23—Has your physical condition or medical treatment caused you financial difficulties? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
24—How would you rate your overall health during the past week? | 4 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
25—How would you rate your overall quality of life during the past week? | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 |
NRS Scale Score | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
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D’Arienzo, A.; Scognamiglio, B.; Campo, F.R.; Cosseddu, F.; Ruinato, D.A.; Ipponi, E.; Carbone, M.; Condino, S.; Ferrari, V.; Andreani, L.; et al. Preliminary Results of Preoperative Planning Using 3D Printing and Augmented Reality in Cryotherapy Treatment of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone—CRIO2AR Project. Healthcare 2023, 11, 2629. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11192629
D’Arienzo A, Scognamiglio B, Campo FR, Cosseddu F, Ruinato DA, Ipponi E, Carbone M, Condino S, Ferrari V, Andreani L, et al. Preliminary Results of Preoperative Planning Using 3D Printing and Augmented Reality in Cryotherapy Treatment of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone—CRIO2AR Project. Healthcare. 2023; 11(19):2629. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11192629
Chicago/Turabian StyleD’Arienzo, Antonio, Branimir Scognamiglio, Francesco Rosario Campo, Fabio Cosseddu, Damiano Alfio Ruinato, Edoardo Ipponi, Marina Carbone, Sara Condino, Vincenzo Ferrari, Lorenzo Andreani, and et al. 2023. "Preliminary Results of Preoperative Planning Using 3D Printing and Augmented Reality in Cryotherapy Treatment of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone—CRIO2AR Project" Healthcare 11, no. 19: 2629. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11192629
APA StyleD’Arienzo, A., Scognamiglio, B., Campo, F. R., Cosseddu, F., Ruinato, D. A., Ipponi, E., Carbone, M., Condino, S., Ferrari, V., Andreani, L., Capanna, R., & Parchi, P. D. (2023). Preliminary Results of Preoperative Planning Using 3D Printing and Augmented Reality in Cryotherapy Treatment of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone—CRIO2AR Project. Healthcare, 11(19), 2629. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11192629