MC TRIM Algorithm in Mandibula Phantom in Helium Therapy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Bragg Curves
3.2. Recoils
3.3. Lateral Straggle
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- Helium ions can be used as intermediate heavy ions in addition to proton and carbon ions.
- They have more LETs and less lateral scattering than the proton and also cost less than carbon.
- They have better performance than the proton in the treatment of dental tumors.
- The biophantom proposed in this study for calibration and dose calculations in dental tumors showed a realistic performance.
- The biomaterials that make up the biophantom created in this study gave results close to real tissues.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Layer | Biomaterial | Chemical Composition (%) | Atomic Density (1022 atom/cm3) | Mass Density (g/cm3) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Skin | H:10.0, O:59.4, C:25.0, N:4.6, S:0.3, Cl:0.3, P:10.3, Na:0.2, K:0.1 | 9.88 | 1.02 |
PMMA | H:53.3, C:33.3, O:13.3 | 8.57 | 0.95 | |
2 | Parotid gland | H:62.5, C:16.4, N:1.27, O:19.6, S: 0.037, Cl:0.016, Na:0.025, P:0.019 | 10.32 | 1.02 |
PMMA | H:53.3, C:33.3, O:13.3 | 8.57 | 0.95 | |
3 | SMAS | H:58.3, C:37.4, N:1.45, O:1.89, F:0.532, Ca:0.266 | 10.65 | 1.027 |
PMMA | H:53.3, C:33.3, O:13.3 | 8.57 | 0.95 | |
4 | Masseter muscle | H:52.6, C:8.9, N:1.6, O:26.6, S:5.85, Cl:1.76, K:0.64, P:0.404 | 10.11 | 1.05 |
Paralene_N | H:50, C:50 | 10.26 | 1.11 | |
5 | Buccal Fat | H:63.4, C:28.4, N:0.304, O:7.77, Cl:0.018, Na:0.011 | 10.35 | 0.92 |
Polyethylene | H:66.6, C:33.4 | 12.23 | 0.95 | |
6 | Mucosa | H:10.1, C:77.5, N:3.50, O:5.23, F:1.74, Ca:1.83 | 5.24 | 1.028 |
PMMA | H:53.3, C:33.3, O:13.3 | 8.57 | 0.95 | |
7 | Saliva | H:66.6, O:33.3 | 10.02 | 1 |
Water | H:66.6, O:33.3 | 10.02 | 1 | |
8 | Gum | H:52.6, C:32.9, N:0.862, O:7.89, Cl:1.72, Mg:3.63 | 8.88 | 1 |
PMMA | H:53.3, C:33.3, O:13.3 | 8.57 | 0.95 | |
9 | Cortical bone | H:39.2, C:15.0, N:3.48, O:31.6, S:0.108, P:3.86, Ca:6.53, Mg:9.57 | 9.94 | 1.92 |
Teflon | C:33.3, F:66.6 | 7.95 | 2.2 | |
10 | Cancellous bone | H:57.7, C:23.0, N:1.36, O:15.7, S:4.27, P:0.752, Ca:1.26, Fe:1.23 | 10.42 | 1.18 |
Teflon | C:33.3, F:66.6 | 7.95 | 2.2 |
Phantom | Energy | Total Recoil | Contributions to Recoils of Atoms (%) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H | C | N | O | S | Cl | Na | K | P | Mg | Ca | Fe | F | |||
Tissue | 354 | 2.272 | 23.21 | 26.13 | 3.15 | 26.17 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 7.31 | 3.21 | 10.67 | 0.02 | |
356 | 2.521 | 13.28 | 15.38 | 3.21 | 41.98 | 0.21 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 6.62 | 0.11 | 19.18 | 0.02 | ||
358 | 2.275 | 14.71 | 16.12 | 3.14 | 39.52 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 8.08 | 0.17 | 18.12 | 0.03 | ||
360 | 2.541 | 15.72 | 17.12 | 3.68 | 39.29 | 0.24 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 7.46 | 0.14 | 16.28 | 0.02 | ||
362 | 2.332 | 12.51 | 19.51 | 2.78 | 42.32 | 0.33 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 7.15 | 0.09 | 15.19 | 0.05 | ||
364 | 2.439 | 18.41 | 27.21 | 2.55 | 31.46 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 6.21 | 0.08 | 13.82 | 0.03 | ||
366 | 1.783 | 31.24 | 32.48 | 2.03 | 28.12 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 1.72 | 0.01 | 4.22 | 0.04 | ||
368 | 1.730 | 30.25 | 34.28 | 2.64 | 27.12 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 1.54 | 0.01 | 4.11 | 0.04 | ||
370 | 1.702 | 26.23 | 33.11 | 6.76 | 24.39 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 5.26 | 0.01 | 4.08 | 0.07 | ||
372 | 1.724 | 30.66 | 31.08 | 1.88 | 29.09 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 2.77 | 0.01 | 4.31 | 0.03 | ||
374 | 1.890 | 30.48 | 32.22 | 1.68 | 30.42 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 1.62 | 0.01 | 3.32 | 0.13 | ||
376 | 0.656 | 47.71 | 22.11 | 1.58 | 20.72 | 0.13 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 1.26 | 0.01 | 6.43 | 0.02 | ||
Standard deviation | 0.51 | 9.90 | 6.90 | 1.32 | 6.98 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 2.61 | 0.87 | 5.95 | 0.03 | |||
Biomaterial | 354 | 1.700 | 29.23 | 59.19 | 11.16 | 0.46 | |||||||||
356 | 2.516 | 28.81 | 50.52 | 10.24 | 10.42 | ||||||||||
358 | 1.927 | 24.82 | 45.24 | 17.32 | 12.62 | ||||||||||
360 | 1.831 | 20.72 | 44.62 | 10.34 | 24.32 | ||||||||||
362 | 2.995 | 25.24 | 42.12 | 6.86 | 25.78 | ||||||||||
364 | 1.859 | 24.22 | 48.32 | 6.14 | 21.32 | ||||||||||
366 | 2.675 | 22.16 | 39.46 | 16.16 | 22.22 | ||||||||||
368 | 1.829 | 19.14 | 46.22 | 9.12 | 25.52 | ||||||||||
370 | 2.501 | 21.42 | 42.24 | 14.86 | 21.52 | ||||||||||
372 | 2.056 | 18.48 | 44.72 | 12.32 | 24.48 | ||||||||||
374 | 2.725 | 13.97 | 52.32 | 17.42 | 16.28 | ||||||||||
376 | 1.979 | 32.52 | 40.24 | 7.91 | 19.32 | ||||||||||
Standard deviation | 4.97 | 5.39 | 3.81 | 7.26 |
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Ekinci, F.; Acici, K.; Asuroglu, T.; Emek Soylu, B. MC TRIM Algorithm in Mandibula Phantom in Helium Therapy. Healthcare 2023, 11, 2523. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11182523
Ekinci F, Acici K, Asuroglu T, Emek Soylu B. MC TRIM Algorithm in Mandibula Phantom in Helium Therapy. Healthcare. 2023; 11(18):2523. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11182523
Chicago/Turabian StyleEkinci, Fatih, Koray Acici, Tunc Asuroglu, and Busra Emek Soylu. 2023. "MC TRIM Algorithm in Mandibula Phantom in Helium Therapy" Healthcare 11, no. 18: 2523. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11182523