Thirdhand Smoke Knowledge, Beliefs and Behaviors among Parents and Families: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Authors | Country | Design | Population and Sample Size | Tool | Main Findings | JBI Critical Appraisal Score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patel et al., 2012 [17] | USA | Pilot study | 40 caregivers (18 control–22 intervention group) | Self-report questionnaire | A total of 75% of parents recognized the negative impact of THS * on their child’s health. A brief THS * intervention influenced smokers to change smoking behaviors. | 6/13 |
Drehmer et al., 2014 [25] | USA | Pre–post intervention study | 1980 parents | Pre–post survey + computer-aided telephone interview | The belief in the harmful effects of THS * was linked to a tightly enforced ban on smoking in the home and car, as well as efforts to quit smoking. Educating parents could contribute to positive results in controlling tobacco use | 6/13 |
Díez-Izquierdo et al., 2018 [26] | Spain | Cross-sectional | 1406 parents with children between 3 and 36 months old | Online survey | A total of 80% of parents held the belief that exposing their children to THS * can be detrimental, and among participants with advanced levels of education, this percentage reached 90%. | 5/8 |
Baheiraei et al., 2018 [27] | Iran | Cross-sectional | 1112 families of infants aged 1 year or younger | Questionnaires and face-to-face interviews | Almost half of parents completely agreed with the effects of THS * exposure on their infant’s health. | 5/8 |
Myers Gamliel et al., 2020 [29] | Israel | RCT *** | 159 families of children <8 years old randomized into 3 groups | 23-item PPE **** online questionnaire | Parental perceptions of exposure were increased significantly post-intervention, indicating that they can be altered. | 7/13 |
Shehab and Ziyab, 2021 [30] | Kuwait | Cross-sectional | 536 parents with at least one child aged <18 years | Web-based survey incl. BATHS ***** scale | Parents’ harm and persistence beliefs about THS * were associated with enforcing a strict home smoking ban. | 4/8 |
Xie et al., 2021 [18] | China | Cross-sectional | 843 parents and grandparents of children aged 6–13 years | Paper-based survey incl. BATHS ***** scale (Chinese version) | Younger people with higher education levels obtained higher scores. | 4/8 |
Dai et al., 2021 [28] | China | Cross-sectional | 145 parents of children with median age of 2.7 (1.2–6.3) years | Standardized questionnaire + KAP ** questionnaire | Discrepancy between knowledge and good practice related to THS *. | 6/8 |
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Vanzi, V.; Marti, F.; Cattaruzza, M.S. Thirdhand Smoke Knowledge, Beliefs and Behaviors among Parents and Families: A Systematic Review. Healthcare 2023, 11, 2403. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172403
Vanzi V, Marti F, Cattaruzza MS. Thirdhand Smoke Knowledge, Beliefs and Behaviors among Parents and Families: A Systematic Review. Healthcare. 2023; 11(17):2403. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172403
Chicago/Turabian StyleVanzi, Valentina, Flavio Marti, and Maria Sofia Cattaruzza. 2023. "Thirdhand Smoke Knowledge, Beliefs and Behaviors among Parents and Families: A Systematic Review" Healthcare 11, no. 17: 2403. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172403