Patient Profile and Management of Delirium in Older Adults Hospitalized Due to COVID-19
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sociodemographic Variables | Items | N (%) or Mean ± SD 1 |
---|---|---|
Age range (65–95) | 77.29 ± 7.7 | |
65–74 | 42 (38.9) | |
75–85 | 44 (40.7) | |
>85 | 22 (20.4) | |
Sex | Male | 63 (58.3) |
Female | 45 (41.7) | |
Place of residence | Urban | 62 (57.4) |
Rural | 46 (42.6) | |
Cohabitants | Partner or spouse | 60 (55.6) |
Other relative | 10 (9.3) | |
Living alone | 18 (16.7) | |
Paid carer | 5 (4.6) | |
Nursing home | 15 (13.9) | |
Clinical history Comorbidities 2 | <2 | 36 (32.4) |
x > 2 | 56 (52.8) | |
No comorbidities | 16 (14.8) |
Variable | N (%) | No ADOP n (%) | ADOP n (%) | Chi2/Fisher (p) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ||||
65–75 | 50 (46.3) | 42 (55.3) | 8 (25) | 0.001 |
76–85 | 38 (35.2) | 26 (34.2) | 12 (37.5) | |
>86 | 22 (18.5) | 8 (10.5) | 12 (37.5) | |
Male sex | 45 (41.7) | 33 (43.5) | 12 (37.5) | 0.569 |
Comorbidity | 57 (52.8) | 38 (50) | 19 (59.4) | 0.021 |
Medical diagnosis of dementia | 15 (13.8) | 6 (7.9) | 9 (28.2) | 0.021 |
Severe dependent (Barthel < 35) | 3 (2.8) | 0 | 3 (9.4) | 0.000 |
Moderate dependent (Barthel 35–65) | 27 (25) | 13 (17.1) | 14 (43.8) | |
Slight dependent or independent | 78 (72.2) | 63 (82.9) | 15 (46.9) | |
Severe cognitive impairment (Pfeiffer 7–10) | 6 (5.6) | 2 (2.6) | 4 (12.5) | 0.000 |
Moderate cognitive impartment (Pfeiffer 3–7) | 16 (14.8) | 2 (2.6) | 14 (43.8) | |
No cognitive impairment | 86 (79.6) | 72 (94.7) | 14 (43.8) | |
Auditive sensorial deterioration | 19 (17.6) | 10 (13.2) | 9 (28.1) | 0.021 |
Visual sensorial deterioration | 8 (7.4) | 4 (5.3) | 4 (12.5) | |
Auditive and visual sensorial deterioration | 3 (2.8) | 1 (1.3) | 2 (6.3) | |
Average nutritional status | 47 (43.5) | 34 (44.7) | 13 (40.6) | 0.407 |
Mediocre nutritional status | 28 (25.9) | 17 (22.4) | 11 (34.4) | |
Dehydrated | 2 (1.9) | 0 | 2 (6.3) | 0.086 |
Daily use of hypnotics | 35 (32.4) | 22 (28.9) | 13 (40.6) | 0.477 |
Previous ADOP | 8 (7.4) | 3 (3.9) | 5 (15.6) | 0.048 |
Variable | Total (%) | No ADOP (%) | ADOP (%) | Chi2/Fisher (p) |
---|---|---|---|---|
IV cannula | 106 (98.1) | 76 (100) | 30 (96.8) | 0.116 |
IV therapy | 56 (51.9) | 35 (47.3) | 21 (70) | 0.035 |
Urinary catheter | 12 (11.1) | 7 (9.2) | 5 (16.1) | 0.323 |
Oxygen therapy | 92 (85.2) | 56 (88.9) | 19 (65.5) | 0.021 |
Raised bed rails | 68 (63) | 37 (48.7) | 31 (100) | 0.000 |
Use of diapers | 66 (61.1) | 37 (48.7) | 29 (93.5) | 0.000 |
Wet diapers (with ADOP+) | 6 (5.6) | 0 | 6 (21.4) | 0.557 |
Fever | 42 (38.9) | 33 (44) | 9 (28.1) | 0.124 |
Pain or discomfort | 17 (15.7) | 14 (18.9) | 3 (9.7) | 0.241 |
Metabolic disorder | 51 (47.2) | 33 (43.4) | 13 (62.5) | 0.135 |
Withdrawal of hypnotics on admission | 9 (8.3) | 6 (27.3) | 3 (9.4) | 1.0 |
Variable | Verbal n (%) | Verbal and Pharmacologic n (%) | Pharmacologic and Physical n (%) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barthel Index | Severe dependent | 0 | 2 (10.5) | 0 | 0.511 |
Moderate dependent | 4 (50) | 8 (42.1) | 2 (100) | ||
Independent | 4 (50) | 9 (47.4) | 0 | ||
Pfeiffer’s SPMSQ | Normal | 3 (37.5) | 9 (47.4) | 1 (50) | 0.976 |
Slight–moderate | 4 (50) | 8 (42.1) | 1 (50) | ||
Severe | 1 (12.5) | 2 (10.5) | 0 | ||
Age | 65–75 | 3 (37.5) | 4 (21.1) | 1 (50) | 0.266 |
76–85 | 4 (50) | 5 (26.3) | 1 (50) | ||
>86 | 1 (12.5) | 10 (52.6) | 0 | ||
Sex | Male | 2 (25) | 9 (47.4) | 1 (50) | 0.541 |
Female | 6 (75) | 10 (52.6) | 1 (50) |
Variable | NO ADOP n (%) | ADOP n (%) | (p) | ||||
Length of admission | <7 days | 30 (39.5) | 4 (12.5) | 0.006 | |||
7–14 days | 23 (30.3) | 19 (59.4) | |||||
14–21 days | 16 (21.1) | 4 (12.5) | |||||
>21 days | 7 (9.2) | 5 (15.6) | |||||
Early mobilization | First week | 49 (64.5) | 5 (15.6) | 0.000 | |||
Second week | 8 (10.5) | 4 (12.5) | |||||
Third week | 0 | 2 (6.3) | |||||
No early mobilization | 19 (25) | 21 (65.6) | |||||
Barthel Index (on discharge) | Severe dependent (<35) | 4 (5.5) | 12 (37.9) | 0.000 | |||
Moderate dependent (40–80) | 19 (26) | 14 (48.3) | |||||
Independent (>85) | 50 (68.6) | 3 (10.3) | |||||
Pfeiffer’s SPMSQ (on discharge) | Severe impairment (8–10) | 2 (2.6) | 8 (27.6) | 0.000 | |||
Moderate impairment (4–7) | 4 (5.2) | 14 (48.3) | |||||
No impairment (0–3) | 67 (91.8) | 7 (24.1) | |||||
No ADOP n/(%) | (p) | ADOP n/(%) | (p) | ||||
Admission | Discharge | Admission | Discharge | ||||
Barthel Index | Severe dependent (<35) | 1/2.5 | 4/5.5 | 3/9.4 | 12/41.4 | ||
Moderate dependent (40–80) | 12/15.8 | 19/26 | 14/43.8 | 14/48.3 | |||
Independent (>85) | 63/82.9 | 50/68.5 | 0.112 | 15/46.9 | 3/10.3 | 0.01 | |
Pfeiffer’s SPMSQ | Severe impairment | 2/2.6 | 2/2.7 | 4/12.5 | 8/27.6 | ||
Moderate impairment | 2/2.6 | 14/5.5 | 14/43.8 | 14/48.3 | |||
Not impaired | 72/94.7 | 67/91.8 | 0.00 | 14/43.8 | 7/24.1 | 0.17 |
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Jorge-Samitier, P.; Juárez-Vela, R.; Santolalla-Arnedo, I.; Antón-Solanas, I.; Gea-Caballero, V.; Sánchez-González, J.L.; Fernández-Rodrigo, M.T. Patient Profile and Management of Delirium in Older Adults Hospitalized Due to COVID-19. Healthcare 2022, 10, 724. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10040724
Jorge-Samitier P, Juárez-Vela R, Santolalla-Arnedo I, Antón-Solanas I, Gea-Caballero V, Sánchez-González JL, Fernández-Rodrigo MT. Patient Profile and Management of Delirium in Older Adults Hospitalized Due to COVID-19. Healthcare. 2022; 10(4):724. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10040724
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorge-Samitier, Pablo, Raúl Juárez-Vela, Iván Santolalla-Arnedo, Isabel Antón-Solanas, Vicente Gea-Caballero, Juan Luis Sánchez-González, and María Teresa Fernández-Rodrigo. 2022. "Patient Profile and Management of Delirium in Older Adults Hospitalized Due to COVID-19" Healthcare 10, no. 4: 724. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10040724
APA StyleJorge-Samitier, P., Juárez-Vela, R., Santolalla-Arnedo, I., Antón-Solanas, I., Gea-Caballero, V., Sánchez-González, J. L., & Fernández-Rodrigo, M. T. (2022). Patient Profile and Management of Delirium in Older Adults Hospitalized Due to COVID-19. Healthcare, 10(4), 724. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10040724