Design and Definition of a New Decision Support System Aimed to the Hierarchization of Patients Candidate to Be Admitted to Intensive Care Units
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. General Triage Guidelines and Protocols for Sanitary Collapse Situations
1.2. Hierarchization Processes
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Conceptual Design of the System
2.2. Implementation of the System
2.2.1. Weightings Calculation Blocks
- Experts’ weightings calculation: Taking the values of the Vague Fuzzy Decision Vectors of Experts, first the IFOWG operator [43] is applied to determine the weighting vector of the experts by means of the method based on the normal distribution [44]. As it is not possible to objectively weight the experts’ assessments, the normal distribution is taken as a common representation of natural scoring processes. By means of IFOWG it is possible to aggregate the opinion of the different experts on each one of them. Later, the score [43] associated to each expert is calculated, which will be normalized and weighted in the [0–1] range, so that the sum of all of them is equal to 1.
- Criteria’s weightings calculation: The block associated to the calculation of the criteria weightings is similar to the experts’ one. The only difference lies in the operator being used, in this case the IFHG [43] operator that makes use of the previously calculated vector of the experts’ weightings. The use of this hybrid operator allows for the combination of the effects of the direct weightings, making use of the experts’ weighting vector, and organized by considering a normal distribution associated to the assessment of the criteria by these same experts. Same as in the previous case, the score is later calculated, and after that the normalization and weighting of the different weights obtained is carried out.
2.2.2. Hierarchy Block
3. Simulations and Results
3.1. Preliminary Assessments
3.2. Weightings Calculation Blocks
3.2.1. Determination of the Experts’ Weightings Vector
3.2.2. Determination of the Criteria Weighting Vector
3.3. Patients’ Status Assessment
3.4. Hierarchy Block
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Equity. |
Maximizing benefit, broadly understood as the maximization of benefit for the largest possible number of patients according to the available resources. |
Considering the patient’s age and life span. |
Other additional criteria. |
Patient’s will. |
Therapeutic ceiling, understood as the termination of therapy. |
Additional recommendations: generally advocating for transparent decision-making processes. In the case of the UK, the use of decision support tools is recommended when they are available. |
Periodical re-evaluation of the patient’s status. |
Who decides? The recommendation is generally given that decisions be made by expert teams from the health field, with at least two professionals involved in the procedure. |
1st Priority Level | 2nd Priority Level | 3rd Priority Level | 4th Priority Level |
---|---|---|---|
Applicable to patients who need to be intensively monitored and who must be provided with intensive care services, such as invasive mechanical ventilation or continuous extra-renal depuration, among others. | Applicable to patients who also need to be intensively monitored, and who might demand an immediate intervention. They might require an oxygen-therapy supply, but in a non-invasive way. They might have issues in any other body organ. | Applicable to patients that have a small probability of recovery because of their base diseases. They may still be provided with palliative care. | Applicable to patients for whom ICU admission would not result in a substantial benefit because of their status. |
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set | Vague Fuzzy Set |
---|---|
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Weighted Geometric (direct weighting of vague values) | |
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Ordered Weighted Geometric (weighting in an orderly manner of vague values) | |
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Hybrid Geometric (combination of the two previous approaches) |
Stage 1—Preliminary Assessments |
Each member of the team in charge of determining the admittance to the ICU will assess the experience and importance of each other team member, these expressed by means of vague fuzzy numbers and stored into the Vague Fuzzy Decision Vectors of Experts. Later, the experts will establish the criteria to be used to assess the admittance to the ICU taking into account the applicable protocols and recommendations. After that, each one of the experts will evaluate the importance of the different criteria, which will be also expressed using vague fuzzy numbers and will be stored into the Vague Fuzzy Decision Vectors of Criteria. |
Stage 2—Weightings Calculation Blocks |
Starting from the Vague Fuzzy Decision Vectors of Experts and of Criteria, in the 2.1 and 2.2 blocks from Figure 1 the aggregated weighting vectors associated to the experts and to the criteria are calculated by applying a series of operators. The weighting vectors calculated in this stage will be later necessary to allow the aggregation of the patients’ status assessment in Stage 4. |
Stage 3—Patients’ Status Assessment |
Each member of the admittance team will assess the status of each patient taking into account the previously determined criteria. The assessment associated to the different patients’ status, produced by each expert, will be stored into a matrix named Vague Fuzzy Decision Matrix, as shown in Figure 1. |
Stage 4—Hierarchy Block |
By applying the operators indicated in Stage 2 on the matrices obtained in Stage 3, and taking into account the weighting vectors previously obtained, it is possible to establish a ranking or patients according to the previously established assessments. |
Stage 5—Decision-Making |
Starting from the information associated to the ranking obtained as a result of Stage 4, the admittance team will decide which patients will be admitted to the ICU. It is essential to point out that there will be a periodical evaluation of both the evolution and the priority of the patients currently in the ICU. |
E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | E5 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E1 | - | - | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1 | 0.6 | 0.9 |
E2 | 0.5 | 0.8 | - | - | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1 | 0.8 | 1 |
E3 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
E4 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1 | - | - | 0.8 | 0.9 |
E5 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.9 | - | - |
C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E1 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.9 |
E2 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
E3 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1 |
E4 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.7 |
E5 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | E5 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.56 | 0.77 | 0.70 | 0.84 | 0.56 | 0.90 | 0.84 | 0.98 | 0.71 | 0.93 |
E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | E5 |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.33 | 0.54 | 0.46 | 0.83 | 0.64 |
E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | E5 |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.12 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.30 | 0.23 |
C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.58 | 0.80 | 0.71 | 0.56 | 0.73 | 0.50 | 0.77 | 0.76 | 0.94 | 0.45 |
C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.37 | 0.70 | 0.16 | 0.28 | 0.27 |
C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.21 | 0.39 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.15 |
E1 | P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
C2 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.7 |
C3 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
C4 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1 |
C5 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
E2 | P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
C2 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
C3 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.7 |
C4 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1 |
C5 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.9 |
E3 | P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
C2 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
C3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
C4 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
C5 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1 |
E4 | P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.9 |
C2 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
C3 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
C4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1 |
C5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
E5 | P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1 |
C2 | 0.8 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.7 | 1 |
C3 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
C4 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.7 |
C5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.9 |
P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 0.444 | 0.679 | 0.685 | 0.852 | 0.402 | 0.848 | 0.611 | 0.709 | 0.767 | 0.871 |
C2 | 0.575 | 0.939 | 0.593 | 0.736 | 0.591 | 0.878 | 0.547 | 0.929 | 0.540 | 0.786 |
C3 | 0.640 | 0.766 | 0.352 | 0.787 | 0.672 | 0.771 | 0.486 | 0.864 | 0.603 | 0.725 |
C4 | 0.566 | 0.764 | 0.632 | 0.860 | 0.414 | 0.847 | 0.634 | 0.847 | 0.554 | 0.916 |
C5 | 0.489 | 0.537 | 0.390 | 0.773 | 0.551 | 0.804 | 0.633 | 0.796 | 0.665 | 0.890 |
P1 | 0.536 | 0.766 |
P2 | 0.553 | 0.789 |
P3 | 0.515 | 0.845 |
P4 | 0.580 | 0.840 |
P5 | 0.608 | 0.832 |
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Casal-Guisande, M.; Comesaña-Campos, A.; Cerqueiro-Pequeño, J.; Bouza-Rodríguez, J.-B. Design and Definition of a New Decision Support System Aimed to the Hierarchization of Patients Candidate to Be Admitted to Intensive Care Units. Healthcare 2022, 10, 587. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10030587
Casal-Guisande M, Comesaña-Campos A, Cerqueiro-Pequeño J, Bouza-Rodríguez J-B. Design and Definition of a New Decision Support System Aimed to the Hierarchization of Patients Candidate to Be Admitted to Intensive Care Units. Healthcare. 2022; 10(3):587. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10030587
Chicago/Turabian StyleCasal-Guisande, Manuel, Alberto Comesaña-Campos, Jorge Cerqueiro-Pequeño, and José-Benito Bouza-Rodríguez. 2022. "Design and Definition of a New Decision Support System Aimed to the Hierarchization of Patients Candidate to Be Admitted to Intensive Care Units" Healthcare 10, no. 3: 587. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10030587