Serostatus and Epidemiological Characteristics for Atypical Pneumonia Causative Bacteria among Healthy Individuals in Medina, Saudi Arabia, a Retrospective Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Study Design and Participant Samples and Data
2.2. Serological Detection
2.2.1. Indirect ELISA for C. pneumoniae and L. pneumophila
2.2.2. Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for M. pneumoniae
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Information
3.2. C. pneumoniae IgG Seropositivity
3.3. L. pneumophila IgG Seropositivity
3.4. M. pneumoniae IgG Seropositivity
3.5. IgG seropositivity and overlapping
4. Discussion
5. Limitations of the Study
6. Concluding Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Categories | N (%) |
---|---|
Gender | |
Male | 144 (50.9) |
Female | 139 (49.1) |
Total | 283 |
Age groups | |
18–29 | 84 (29.7) |
30–39 | 87 (30.7) |
40–49 | 76 (26.9) |
>50 | 36 (12.7) |
Total | 283 |
Seropositivity Overlap Groups | N (%) | Total | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | |||
One organism | 53 (46.1%) | 62 (53.9 %) | 115 | 0.0007 |
Two organisms | 65 (65.6 %) | 34 (34.3%) | 99 | |
Three organisms | 23 (79.3%) | 6 (20.6%) | 29 | |
Total | 141 (58%) | 102 (42%) | 243 |
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Alhoufie, S.T.; Alhhazmi, A.A.; Mahallawi, W.H.; Alfarouk, K.O.; Ibrahim, N.A. Serostatus and Epidemiological Characteristics for Atypical Pneumonia Causative Bacteria among Healthy Individuals in Medina, Saudi Arabia, a Retrospective Study. Healthcare 2022, 10, 2316. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112316
Alhoufie ST, Alhhazmi AA, Mahallawi WH, Alfarouk KO, Ibrahim NA. Serostatus and Epidemiological Characteristics for Atypical Pneumonia Causative Bacteria among Healthy Individuals in Medina, Saudi Arabia, a Retrospective Study. Healthcare. 2022; 10(11):2316. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112316
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlhoufie, Sari T., Areej A. Alhhazmi, Waleed H. Mahallawi, Khalid O. Alfarouk, and Nadir A. Ibrahim. 2022. "Serostatus and Epidemiological Characteristics for Atypical Pneumonia Causative Bacteria among Healthy Individuals in Medina, Saudi Arabia, a Retrospective Study" Healthcare 10, no. 11: 2316. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112316