Viral Response among Early Treated HIV Perinatally Infected Infants: Description of a Cohort in Southern Mozambique
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Statistical Analysis
2.2. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Cohort
3.2. Virologic Response to ART
3.3. Characteristics of Infants with and without VLS and Their Mothers
3.4. Resistance Test Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics at Enrollment | HIV Perinatally Infected Infants n = 39 (%) |
---|---|
Sex | |
Male | 15 (38.46) |
Female | 24 (61.54) |
Age at HIV diagnosis (days) | |
Median [IQR] | 34 [12.5] |
Age at ART initiation (days) | |
Median [IQR] | 34 [11.5] |
Time from diagnosis to ART (days) | |
Mean [Min, Max] | 1 [0, 14] |
Post-natal prophylaxis, n (%) | |
No | 3 (7.69) |
Yes | 32 (82.05) |
Missing | 4 (10.26) |
Weight (Kg) | |
Median [IQR] | 4.1 [0.85] |
Weight for Height Z -score (WHZ), n (%) | |
≥−1 SD | 34 (87.18) |
≥2 SD to <−1 SD | 5 (12.82) |
≥−3 SD to <−2 SD | 0 (0) |
Feeding practice at enrollment, n (%) | |
Exclusive breast feeding | 31 (79.49) |
Mixed feeding | 5 (12.82) |
Formula feeding | 3 (7.69) |
WHO stage, n (%) | |
I | 36 (92.31) |
II | 2 (5.13) |
III | 0 (0) |
IV | 1 (2.56) |
CD4 count (cell/mm3) | |
Median [IQR] | 1956 [950.25] |
CD4 percentage (%) | |
Median [IQR] | 32 [13.95] |
Hemoglobin (g/dl) | |
Median [IQR] | 10.6 [2.51] |
Missing—n (%) | 21 (53.84) |
Pre-ART VL | |
Median (copies/mL) [IQR] | 656,769 [3, 198, 839] |
Mean log10 (SD) | 5.75 (1.10) |
VL (copies/mL) n (%) | |
VL ≤ 100,000 | 5 (12.82) |
100,000 < VL ≤ 500,000 | 12 (30.77) |
500,000 < VL ≤ 1,000,000 | 4 (10.26) |
1,000,000 < VL < 6,000,000 | 11 (28.20) |
VL ≥ 6,000,000 | 7 (17.95) |
Characteristics of Infants | Virologically Suppressed (VLS) | Non Virologically Suppressed (Non VLS) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
n = 24 | n = 15 | ||
Sex, n (%) | |||
Male | 11 (45.83) | 4 (26.67) | |
Female | 13 (54.17) | 11 (73.33) | 0.32 1 |
Age at ART initiation (days) | |||
Median [IQR] | 33.5 [9.75] | 35 [19.00] | 0.43 2 |
Post-natal prophylaxis, n (%) | |||
No | 3 (12.5) | 0 | |
Yes | 20 (83.33) | 12 (80.00) | 0.54 1 |
Missing | 1 (4.17) | 3 (20.00) | |
WHZ score at baseline, n (%) | |||
≥−1 SD | 20 (72.22) | 14 (93.33) | 0.63 1 |
≥2 SD to <−1 SD | 4 (27.78) | 1 (6.67) | |
≥−3 SD to <−2 SD | 0 | 0 | |
WHO stage at baseline, n (%) | |||
I | 23 (95.83) | 13 (86.66) | |
II | 1 (4.17) | 1 (6.67) | 0.40 4 |
III | 0 | 0 | |
IV | 0 | 1 (6.67) | |
CD4 at baseline, Median [IQR] | |||
CD4 (cell/mm3) | 2.081 [1184.5] | 1.731 [589.50] | 0.13 3 |
CD4 (%) | 38.2 [11.3] | 26 [12.5] | 0.025 3 |
Hemoglobin (g/dl) at baseline | |||
Median [IQR] | 10.6 [2.85] | 10.45 [2.27] | 0.39 3 |
Missing (%) | 11 (16.67) | 10 (66.67) | |
Infant pre-ART VL | |||
Median [IQR] | 523.995 [3.099.998] | 1.462.574 [3.067.486] | 0.33 2 |
Mean log10 (SD) | 5.54 (1.27) | 6.15 (0.66) | |
Mode of delivery, n (%) | |||
Vaginal | 24 (61.5) | 15 (38.5%) | - |
Caesarian Section | 0 | 0 | |
Mother VL during follow up, n (%) | |||
Detectable (≥1000 copies/mL) | 8 (33.33) | 7 (46.67) | 0.29 1 |
Undetectable (<1000 copies/mL) | 14 (58.33) | 5 (33.33) | |
Missing | 2 (8.33) | 3 (20.00) | |
Mother ART interruption before delivery, n (%) | |||
No | 14 (58.33) | 6 (40.00) | |
Yes | 10 (41.67) | 7 (46.67) | 1.00 1 |
Missing | 0 | 2 (13.33) | |
Mother time on ART at delivery (days) | |||
Median [IQR] | 154.0 [268.5] | 168 [433.50] | 0.77 2 |
Mother time on ART at delivery, n (%) | |||
<3 months | 4 (16.67) | 1 (6.67) | 0.63 4 |
3–9 months | 11 (45.83) | 7 (46.67) | |
>9 months | 8 (33.33) | 5 (33.33) | |
Not on ART Missing | 1 (4.17) 0 | 0 2 (13.33) | |
Mother self-disclosure within family, n (%) | |||
Yes | 20 (83.33) | 13 (86.67) | 1.00 1 |
No | 4 (16.67) | 2 (13.33) | |
Missing | 0 | 0 |
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Lain, M.G.; Vaz, P.; Sanna, M.; Ismael, N.; Chicumbe, S.; Simione, T.B.; Cantarutti, A.; Porcu, G.; Rinaldi, S.; de Armas, L.; et al. Viral Response among Early Treated HIV Perinatally Infected Infants: Description of a Cohort in Southern Mozambique. Healthcare 2022, 10, 2156. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112156
Lain MG, Vaz P, Sanna M, Ismael N, Chicumbe S, Simione TB, Cantarutti A, Porcu G, Rinaldi S, de Armas L, et al. Viral Response among Early Treated HIV Perinatally Infected Infants: Description of a Cohort in Southern Mozambique. Healthcare. 2022; 10(11):2156. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112156
Chicago/Turabian StyleLain, Maria Grazia, Paula Vaz, Marco Sanna, Nalia Ismael, Sérgio Chicumbe, Teresa Beatriz Simione, Anna Cantarutti, Gloria Porcu, Stefano Rinaldi, Lesley de Armas, and et al. 2022. "Viral Response among Early Treated HIV Perinatally Infected Infants: Description of a Cohort in Southern Mozambique" Healthcare 10, no. 11: 2156. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112156