Model to Optimize the Decision Making on Processes in IT Departments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- The increasing need of implementing management processes in the IT departments
- The great importance of ITIL as a reference in the market, and
- The lack of clear strategies and guides to implement the processes defined in ITIL,
- To present an algorithm that provides an optimal sequence of implementation of ITIL processes specifically defined for each company.
2. Literature Review
- Fixed sequences, success factors, and methodologies that influence on the implementation: A great number of works have been published about fixed or static sequences of implementation of processes as well as factors that may help (or make more difficult) the implementation of ITIL.
- Dynamic sequences: Some other authors have worked out the definition of specific sequences for each company, following different criteria.
2.1. Fixed Sequences, Success Factors, and Methodologies
2.2. Dynamic Sequences
2.3. Lessons Learned from Literature Reviewed
3. Research Methodology
- Restriction 1: It must consider the characteristics of the company
- Restriction 2: It must consider the information of competitors
- Restriction 3: It must consider the aims of the company that implements the processes
- Restriction 4: It must not require hiring experts or consultants
3.1. Description of the Methodology
3.2. The Database and Web Application
3.3. The Algorithm: Mathematical Basis
3.4. The Algorithm: Steps
- The first step is to fulfill the database with data: the algorithm requires data about the characteristics of the companies and data about the level of implementation of every ITIL process.
- Collect data about the company φNE interested in obtaining an ITIL sequence of processes: the same as in step 1; both the characteristics of the company and the level of implementation of ITIL processes are required.
- Generate the ΦITIL set of processes. This set of processes must not include the processes already implemented in φNE.
- Set ΦSEL = {}. This is an empty set of selected processes.
- Set the criteria for optimization, that is, the αj weights and the characteristics or parameters that will not participate in the optimization by assigning them the values γj = 0. In most cases, it is enough to assign αj = 1 for the participating characteristics (age, size, IT staff, etc.) and γj = 0 for those that do not participate in the optimization.
- Calculate NP through Expression (13) for each process in ΦITIL.
- Select the process pSEL as pointed out by (16) and include it in the set ΦSEL.
- Eliminate pSEL from the set ΦITIL.
- Repeat from step 6 until ΦITIL is empty.
- The ordered optimal sequence is obtained in ΦSEL.
4. Results
4.1. An Example of Application and a Comparison with Other Authors’ Sequences
4.2. Interpretation of the Data and Comments about the Results
5. Discussion and Future Works
5.1. Discussion
- Restriction 1: The algorithm presented in this paper allows the companies to get a sequence to implement ITIL processes. The sequence obtained is specifically adapted for each company depending on the data entered: the characteristics of the company and the level of implementation of the ITIL processes. This represents a great advance on the existing solutions already exposed in the literature review.
- Restrictions 2 and 3: The algorithm allows considering both the information of the company and the level of ITIL processes in other companies (competitors or not) by configuring the α weights and the parameters γ.
- Restriction 4: The model and the algorithm have been implemented and tested in a real company without needing any external consultant. Every company can use the application without hiring ITIL experts, which will clearly be valued by companies (mainly small companies with few resources)
5.2. Future Works
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Questions: Characteristics of the Company | Possible Answers |
---|---|
Name of the company | (open) |
Staff | (1) 1–9 (2) 10–49 (3) 50–249 |
IT staff | (1) 0–4 (2) 5–9 (3) 10–14 (4) 15– |
Age of the company | (1) 0–4 (2) 5–14 (3) +15 |
Operating area | (1) Local (2) National (3) International |
Industry | (1) IT (2) Health and social services (3) Taxes, legal (4) Real state (5) Telecommunications (6) Energy, water, electricity, gas (7) Marketing, communication (8) Commerce (9) Electronics (10) Delivery, logistics (11) Construction, maintenance (12) Industry (13) Education, sports (14) Finance, insurances, banking (15) Food, chemical, pharma (16) Others |
Questions: Level of Implementation | Possible Answers |
P1. Service stratagy mng. | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P2. Service portfolio mng. | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P3. Finance mng. | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P4. Demand mng. | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P5. Business relation mng. | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P6. Design mng. | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P7. Service catalog mng. | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P8. Availability mng. | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P9. Service level mng. | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P10. Continuity mng. | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P11. Security mng. | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P12. Provider mng. | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P13. Capacity mng. | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P14. Transition schd. mng | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P15. Change mng. | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P16. Deploy and version mng. | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P17. Validation and test mng. | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P18. Configuration mng. | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P19. Change evaluation mng | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P20. Knowledge mng. | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P21. Incidence mng. | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P22. Problem mng | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P23. Access mng. | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P24. Event mng | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P25. Request mng. | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
P26. Improvement mng. | (1) Not implemented neither it will be (2) Ongoing/Planned (3) Already implemented |
Appendix B
Question | Possible Answers | Question | Possible Answers |
---|---|---|---|
Service stratagy mng. | 1 | Transition schd. mng | 1 |
Service portfolio mng. | 1 | Change mng. | 1 |
Finance mng. | 1 | Deploy and version mng. | 2 |
Demand mng. | 1 | Validat. and test mng. | 2 |
Business relation mng. * | 1 | Configuration mng. | 2 |
Design mng. | 1 | Change evaluat. mng | 1 |
Service catalog mng. | 2 | Knowledge mng. | 2 |
Availability mng. | 2 | Incidence mng. | 2 |
Service level mng. | 1 | Problem mng * | 1 |
Continuity mng. | 1 | Access mng. | 2 |
Security mng. | 1 | Event mng | 1 |
Provider mng. | 1 | Request mng. | 1 |
Capacity mng. | 1 | Improvement mng. | 1 |
Question | Possible Answers |
---|---|
[32] | P:7-21-2-9-4-15-18-3-10-25-26-13-8-22-11-16-24-22-12-23 |
[36] | P:15-16-18-21-9-11-17-24-7-8-3-22-23-25-13-20-14-10-5-4-26-19-2-6-12-1 |
[6] | P:21-22-18-16-15-26-24-9-23-125-20 |
[35] | P: 21-15-22-9-18-16-10-8-13-25-3-7-11-24-23-20-17-12-2-14-26-19-4 |
[25] | P:18-9-15-13-21-8-22-10-16-3 |
[2] | P: 15-18-7-9-24-21-22 |
[27] | P:3-18-21-25-16-9-13-8-12-15-22 |
Appendix C
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Concept | Value |
---|---|
Scope | Spain |
Universe | Small companies |
Type of survey | Web form |
Sent | 200 |
Received | 131 |
Minimum to be significant | 69 |
Confidence level | 90% |
Error | 10% |
Company selection | Random |
Mode | Mono-etape |
Concept | Value |
---|---|
Staff | 50–249 |
IT Staff | 10–14 |
Age | +15 |
Operating area | International |
Industry | Leisure |
Process Order | Process | Process Order | Process |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Strategic mng * | 14 | Continuity mng |
2 | Supply mng | 15 | Service level mng |
3 | Financial mng | 16 | Continuous improv. mng |
4 | Demand mng | 17 | Validation&test mng |
5 | Design mng | 18 | Versions&deploy mng |
6 | Design coordination | 19 | Asset&conf. mng |
7 | Service portfolio mng. | 20 | Availability mng |
8 | Requirements mng | 21 | Knowledge mng |
9 | Events mng | 22 | Incidences mng |
10 | Changes mng | 23 | Access mng |
11 | Changes mng | 24 | Services catalog mng |
12 | Transition scheduling | 25 | Problem mng |
13 | Capacity mng | 26 | Business relation mng |
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Rubio Sánchez, J.L. Model to Optimize the Decision Making on Processes in IT Departments. Mathematics 2021, 9, 983. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9090983
Rubio Sánchez JL. Model to Optimize the Decision Making on Processes in IT Departments. Mathematics. 2021; 9(9):983. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9090983
Chicago/Turabian StyleRubio Sánchez, Juan Luis. 2021. "Model to Optimize the Decision Making on Processes in IT Departments" Mathematics 9, no. 9: 983. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9090983