RNA: A Reject Neighbors Algorithm for Influence Maximization in Complex Networks
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Proposed a refined k-shell centrality indicator for IMP;
- Proposed a node ranking and a reject neighbors-based node selection two-phase IMP algorithm;
- Achieved superior IMP results as compared with other state-of-the-art methods.
2. Algorithm Design
2.1. Refined Shell Index
- Set the number of shell layers s = 1;
- Iteratively removing nodes with degree value of s in the network and removing their connected edges, these nodes constitute the s-shell layer of the network;
- Calculate the maximum node degree, maxD, and the minimum node degree, mind, in this shell layer;
- Calculate coeffiK and coeffiB according to Equation (1), thereby calculating RS (i) of nodes in the shell layer;
- Increase the number of shell layers s, repeat steps 2, 3, and 4 until all nodes are removed.
Centrality: RS index | |
Input: The network G = n nodes, m edges | |
Output:RS (i) represents the RS value of the network node | |
1: | s=1 // s represents the s-shell layer of the network |
2: | while num (G) > 0 do // num (G) represents the number of nodes in the network |
3: | while exists node (s) in G do //node (s) represents a node with degree s |
4: | remove node (s) from G |
5: | node (s) append to s-shell |
6: | end while |
7: | calculate maxD and minD in s-shell |
8: | calculate coeffiK and coeffiB in s-shell |
9: | calculate RS (i) in s-shell |
10: | s++ |
11: | end while |
2.2. Node Selection
- Sorting nodes in the network according to the RS index;
- Select the rejection domain order σ;
- Seeds store the seed nodes, and refuses store the neighbors of the seed nodes with the order from 0 to σ;
- Traverse the sorted nodes. If the node is not in refuses, the node is added to seeds, and the node’s neighbors with the order of 0 to σ are added to refuses;
- If the number of nodes is satisfied, the iteration is stopped, and the seeds set is the final key node set;
- If the number of nodes is still not satisfied at the end of the traversal, then relax the limit conditions, that is, decrease the order of the rejection domain.
Algorithm 1: RNA | |
Inout: The network G = n nodes, m edges | |
Output: The key node-set Seeds | |
1: | sort nodes into array by RS index // array is the sorted sequence of nodes |
2: | fori = 1 to n step 1: |
3: | if num not meets do // The number of nodes set in advance is satisfied |
4: | if node not in Refuses do |
5: | array[i] is added to Seeds |
6: | [0, σ] neighbors of array [i] are added to Refuses |
7: | end if |
8: | else do |
11: | return Seeds |
12: | end if |
13: | if i = n do |
14: | σ-- |
15: | go to step 2 // return step 2 |
16: | end if |
17: | end for |
3. Experimental Analysis
3.1. Evaluation Index
3.2. Network Datasets
- Email-Eu-Core Network [7] The dataset is generated using e-mail data from a large European research institution. If there is at least one e-mail exchange between the members of the two institutions, there is an edge in the network connecting the members of the two institutions. It merely contains the communication between the members of the organization and does not contain the communication information between the outside and the inside of the organization.
- Political Blogs [31] The dataset is a hyperlink-oriented network between U.S. political blogs recorded by Adamic and Glance, in 2005.
- OpenFlights [32] This dataset is extracted from the data of OpenFlights.org and corresponds to the network 14c in Tore Opsahl’s homepage dataset list. The network includes flights between airports around the world, and edges in the network indicate flights from one airport to another.
- Protein–Protein Interaction [33] The network is a sub-network of human protein interaction network. The protein interaction network is a network of protein complexes formed by biochemical events or electrostatic forces, which can play unique biological functions as complexes. Nodes in the network represent proteins, whereas edges represent interactions between proteins.
- Web-EPA [34] The dataset provides network data linked to www.epa.gov from a scientific network data warehouse called Network Repository, where nodes represent web pages and edges represent hyperlinks.
- Human Protein (Vidal) [35] The network represents the initial version of the proteome scale map of human binary protein–protein interactions. Compared with the Protein–Protein Interactions network, the Human Protein (Vidal) network is sparser.
3.3. Experimental Results and Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Datasets | Nodes | Edges | |
---|---|---|---|
Email-Eu-Core Network | 986 | 16,064 | 32.5842 |
Political Blogs | 1222 | 16,714 | 27.3552 |
OpenFlights | 2905 | 15,645 | 10.7711 |
Protein–Protein Interactions | 3852 | 37,841 | 19.6475 |
Web-EPA | 4253 | 8897 | 4.1839 |
Human Protein (Vidal) | 2783 | 6607 | 4.3169 |
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Wang, D.; Yan, J.; Chen, D.; Fang, B.; Huang, X. RNA: A Reject Neighbors Algorithm for Influence Maximization in Complex Networks. Mathematics 2020, 8, 1313. https://doi.org/10.3390/math8081313
Wang D, Yan J, Chen D, Fang B, Huang X. RNA: A Reject Neighbors Algorithm for Influence Maximization in Complex Networks. Mathematics. 2020; 8(8):1313. https://doi.org/10.3390/math8081313
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Dongqi, Jiarui Yan, Dongming Chen, Bo Fang, and Xinyu Huang. 2020. "RNA: A Reject Neighbors Algorithm for Influence Maximization in Complex Networks" Mathematics 8, no. 8: 1313. https://doi.org/10.3390/math8081313