Next Article in Journal
A Nekhoroshev-Type Result for a Generalized Boussinesq Equation
Previous Article in Journal
Detecting and Preserving Quantum Steering in Hydrogen Atoms: Entropic Inequalities and Lindblad Dynamics
 
 
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Similarity Self/Ideal Index (SSI): A Feature-Based Approach to Modeling Psychological Well-Being

by
Alejandro Sanfeliciano
1,*,
Carlos Hurtado-Martínez
1,
Luis Botella
2 and
Luis Angel Saúl
1
1
Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
2
Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l’Educació i l’Esport, Blanquerna, Universidad Ramon Llull, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Mathematics 2025, 13(24), 3954; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13243954
Submission received: 19 November 2025 / Revised: 8 December 2025 / Accepted: 10 December 2025 / Published: 11 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Section E: Applied Mathematics)

Abstract

This paper introduces a similarity index aimed at modeling psychological well-being through a set-theoretic formalization of self–ideal alignment. Inspired by Tversky’s feature-based model of similarity, the proposed index quantifies the degree of overlap and divergence between the current self-perception and the ideal self, each represented as a vector of signed attributes. The formulation extends traditional approaches in Personal Construct Psychology by incorporating directional and magnitude-based comparisons across constructs, and its mathematical properties can be expressed within a fuzzy similarity space that ensures boundedness and internal coherence. Unlike standard correlational methods commonly used in psychological assessment, this model provides an alternative framework that allows for asymmetric weighting of discrepancies and non-linear representations of similarity. Developed within the WimpGrid formalism—a graph-theoretical extension of constructivist assessment—the index offers potential applications in clinical modeling, idiographic measurement, and the mathematical analysis of dynamic self-concept systems. We discuss its relevance as a generalizable tool for quantitative psychology, and its potential for integration into computational models of personality and self-organization.
Keywords: Psychological Well-Being; Personal Construct Psychology; Weigthed Implication Grid (WimpGrid); feature-based model; mathematical modeling; quantitative psychology Psychological Well-Being; Personal Construct Psychology; Weigthed Implication Grid (WimpGrid); feature-based model; mathematical modeling; quantitative psychology

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Sanfeliciano, A.; Hurtado-Martínez, C.; Botella, L.; Saúl, L.A. Similarity Self/Ideal Index (SSI): A Feature-Based Approach to Modeling Psychological Well-Being. Mathematics 2025, 13, 3954. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13243954

AMA Style

Sanfeliciano A, Hurtado-Martínez C, Botella L, Saúl LA. Similarity Self/Ideal Index (SSI): A Feature-Based Approach to Modeling Psychological Well-Being. Mathematics. 2025; 13(24):3954. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13243954

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sanfeliciano, Alejandro, Carlos Hurtado-Martínez, Luis Botella, and Luis Angel Saúl. 2025. "Similarity Self/Ideal Index (SSI): A Feature-Based Approach to Modeling Psychological Well-Being" Mathematics 13, no. 24: 3954. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13243954

APA Style

Sanfeliciano, A., Hurtado-Martínez, C., Botella, L., & Saúl, L. A. (2025). Similarity Self/Ideal Index (SSI): A Feature-Based Approach to Modeling Psychological Well-Being. Mathematics, 13(24), 3954. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13243954

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop