A Sustainable Supply Chain Model with Low Carbon Emissions for Deteriorating Imperfect-Quality Items under Learning Fuzzy Theory
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Literature Study Based on EOQ, Carbon Emissions, and Supply Chain Management (SCM)
1.2. Literature Study Regarding Imperfect-Quality-Based Inventory Model
1.3. Literature Study Regarding Imperfect-Quality-and Carbon-Emissions-Based Inventory Model
1.4. Literature Study Regarding Fuzzy-Environment-and Learning-Concept-Based Inventory Models
1.5. Research Gap and Proposed Study
1.6. Our Contribution and Novelty of the Proposed Model
2. Problem Definition, Assumption, and Notations
2.1. Problem Definition
- What is the optimal shipment during the supply chain with a learning effect under a fuzzy environment for deteriorating items?
- What is the optimal cycle time during the supply chain with a learning effect under a fuzzy environment for deteriorating items?
- What is the minimum fuzzy inventory cost during the supply chain with a learning effect under a fuzzy environment for imperfect deteriorating items?
2.2. Assumptions
- This scenario is based on the single-setup multiple-deliveries (SSMD) policy.
- In this scenario, we considered the buyer’s demand rate to be imprecise in nature and follow the triangular fuzzy number.
- The fuzzy learning effect involves the lower and upper deviation of the demand rate.
- The production rate of the product is known and constant from the manufacturer side and the manufacturer prepares units of product in each production cycle to minimize the set time and system inventory cost, and also delivers the product in an equal lot size of the product at a fixed time interval [50].
- The replenishment of the product is instantaneous.
- The deterioration rate of the product is fixed and equal for the manufacturer and retailer.
- In model one, the retailer inspects whole lot with a fixed screening rate and the manufacturer also inspects the whole lot in the same manner as the retailer to guarantee the best facility.
- The percentage of imperfect-quality items has a uniform distribution, where .
- The defective items are sold at a discounted price without any extra cost, and products are always available during the quality inspection as .
- The fixed inspection cost per cycle is constant, whether performed by the buyer or the manufacturer.
- The concept of the carbon units/emissions of the carbon comes from the storage of inventory, burning of fuel, consumption of electricity, and transportation of the inventory products.
- The concept of shortages is not allowed in this model.