Abstract
In this paper, with the use of newly defined class up and down log–convex fuzzy-number valued mappings, we offer a few new and original mappings defined by applying some mild restrictions over the definition of up and down log–convex fuzzy-number valued mapping. With the use of these mappings, we are able to develop partners of Fejér-type inequalities for up and down log–convexity, which improve upon certain previously established findings. The discussion also includes these mappings’ characteristics. Moreover, some nontrivial examples are also provided to prove the validation of our main results.
Keywords:
up and down log–convex fuzzy-number valued mapping; fuzzy Aunnam integral operator; Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities; Jensen’s type inequality; Schur’s type inequality MSC:
26A33; 26A51; 26D10
1. Introduction
Convex sets and convex mappings have contributed significantly and fundamentally to the growth of numerous domains in the pure and practical sciences. Convexity theory describes a wide range of extremely intriguing breakthroughs, including a connection between many areas of mathematics, physics, economics, and engineering sciences. Convex sets, and their numerous extensions and generalizations have been thought about and investigated recently utilizing novel concepts and methodologies. The concept of invex mappings was first introduced to mathematical programming by Hanson [], and it sparked a lot of interest. Ben-Israel and Mond [] introduced invex sets and preinvex mappings. They demonstrated that the differentiable preinvex mappings are invex mappings and that, under some circumstances, the opposite is also true. Noor [] showed that variational-like inequalities describe the minimum of the differentiable preinvex mappings. See [,] and the references therein for further information on preinvex mappings’ applications, numerical techniques, variational-like inequalities, and other features. The log–convex mappings are known to yield inequalities more precisely than the convex mappings do. We also have the idea of exponentially convex (concave) mappings, which is closely related to log–convex mappings and has its roots in Bernstein []. Exponentially preinvex mappings and their variant forms were introduced, and many aspects of them were covered by Noor and Noor [,]. Big data analysis, machine learning, statistics, and information theory all heavily rely on exponentially convex mappings. See, for instance, the references in [,,,,].
Recent research by Noor et al. [] investigated the comparable formulation of log–convex mappings and demonstrated that they have many of the same characteristics as convex mappings. For instance, the mapping ex is not convex but is a log–convex mapping. Log–convex mappings, which include hypergeometric mappings such as Gamma and Beta, are crucial in a number of fields of pure and practical sciences. Strongly log-biconvex mappings were first discussed by Noor and Noor [], who also looked at their characterization. It is demonstrated that the bivariational inequalities are a novel generalization of the variational inequalities that can be used to describe the optimality conditions of the biconvex mappings.
One of the most well-known inequalities in the theory of convex mappings, the Hermite–Hadamard inequality, was found by C. Hermite and J. Hadamard []. It has a geometrical meaning and several applications.
One of the most beneficial findings in mathematical analysis is the H-H inequality. It is also known as the classical equation of the H-H inequality.
The H-H inequality for convex mapping on an interval
for
We point out that the Hermite–Hadamard inequality is a straightforward extension of Jensen’s inequality and may be thought of as a refinement of the idea of convexity. Recent years have seen a resurgence in interest in the Hermite–Hadamard inequality for convex mappings, and a stunning array of improvements and generalizations have been investigated.
Interval analysis is a subset of set-valued analysis, which is the study of sets in the context of mathematics and general topology. The Archimedean approach, which includes determining the circumference of a circle, is a well-known example of interval enclosure.
This theory addresses the interval uncertainty that exists in many computational and mathematical models of deterministic real-world systems. This method investigates interval variables as opposed to point variables and expresses computation results as intervals, eliminating mistakes that lead to incorrect findings. One of the initial goals of the interval-valued analysis was to account for the error estimates of finite-state machine numerical solutions. Interval analysis, which Moore first proposed in his well-known book [], is one of the most important methods in numerical analysis. As a result, it has found applications in a wide range of industries, including computer graphics [,], differential equations for intervals [], neural network output optimization [], and many more.
On the other hand, a number of significant inequalities, including Hermite–Hadamard and Ostrowski, have recently been investigated for interval-valued mappings. Using the Hukuhara derivative for interval-valued mappings, Chalco-Cano et al. discovered Ostrowski-type inequalities for interval-valued mappings in [,]. Román-Flores et al. established the inequalities of Minkowski and Beckenbach for interval-valued mappings in []. Please refer to [,,,] for the others. However, for more generic set-valued maps, inequalities were investigated. Sadowska provided the Hermite–Hadamard inequality, for instance, in []. Results related to log–convex fuzzy-number valued mappings see [,,]. Interested readers can view [,] for the other investigations. For more information, see [,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,] and the references therein.
The article is set up as follows: We discuss log fuzzy-number valued convex mappings with numerical estimates and related fuzzy Aunnam integral inequalities in Section 3 after examining the prerequisite material and important details on inequalities and interval-valued analysis in Section 2. Section 4 then derives Jensen and Schur’s inequalities for log fuzzy-number valued convex mappings. To decide whether the predefined results are advantageous, examples and numerical estimations are also taken into consideration. Section 4 explores a quick conclusion and potential study directions connected to the findings in this work before we wrap things up.
2. Preliminaries
This section reloads key findings and terminology necessary for understanding the core outcomes.
Let be the space of all closed and bounded intervals of and be defined by
If , then is referred to be degenerate. In this article, all intervals will be non-degenerate intervals. If , then is referred to as a positive interval. The set of all positive intervals is denoted by and defined as
Let and be defined by
Then the Minkowski difference , addition and for are defined by
Remark 1
([]). For given we say that if and only if , it is a partial interval or left and right order relation.
If we say that if and only if , it is an inclusion interval or up and down () order relation.
For the Hausdorff–Pompeiu distance between intervals , and is defined by
It is a familiar fact that is a complete metric space [,,].
Definition 1
([,]). A fuzzy subset of is distinguished by a mapping called the membership mapping of . That is, a fuzzy subset of is a mapping . So, for further study, we have chosen this notation. We appoint to denote the set of all fuzzy subsets of .
Let . Then, is referred to as a fuzzy number or fuzzy interval if the following properties are satisfied by :
- (1)
- should be normal if there exists and
- (2)
- should be upper semi-continuous on if for given there exist there exist such that for all with
- (3)
- should be fuzzy convex that is
- (4)
- should be compactly supported that is is compact.We appoint to denote the set of all fuzzy numbers of .
Definition 2
([]). Given , the level sets or cut sets are given by for all and by . These sets are known as -level sets or -cut sets of .
Proposition 1
([]). Let . Then relation given on by
it is a partial-order or left and right relation.
Proposition 2
([]). Let . Then inclusion relation given on by
it is an up-and-down fuzzy inclusion relation.
Remember the approaching notions which are offered in the literature. If and , then, for every the arithmetic operations are defined by
These operations follow directly from Equations (4), (6) and (7), respectively.
Theorem 1
([]). The space dealing with a supremum metric i.e., for
is a complete metric space, where denotes the well-known Hausdorff metric on space of intervals.
Now we define and discuss some properties of Riemann integral operators of interval- and fuzzy-number valued mappings.
Theorem 2
([,]). If is an interval-valued mapping () satisfying that , where and then is Aumann integrable (IA-integrable) over when and only when; and both are integrable over such that
Definition 3
([]). Let is fuzzy number valued mapping , whose parametrized form is given by and defined as for every and for every The fuzzy Aumann integral (-integral) of over denoted by , is defined level-wise by
where for every . is -integrable over if
Theorem 3
([]). Let be a Then, is -integrable over when and only when, and both are integrable over . Moreover, if is -integrable over then
for every
Definition 4
([]). A mapping is referred to as log–convex mapping if
where , where is a convex set. If (16) is inverted, then is referred to as log-concave.
Definition 5
([]). Let be a convex set. Then is referred to as convex on if
for all where If (17) is inverted, then is referred to as concave on . is affine if and only if it is both convex and concave .
Definition 6
([]). Let be a convex set. Then is referred to as log convex (-convex ) on if
for all where If (18) is inverted, then is referred to as -concave on . is -affine if and only if it is both -convex and -concave .
Definition 7.
Let be a convex set. Then is referred to as up and down log convex (-convex ) on if
for all where If (19) is inverted, then is referred to as -concave on . is -affine if and only if it is both -convex and -concave .
Remark 2.
If is -convex , then is also -convex for .
If and both are -convex s, then is also -convex .
Theorem 4.
Let be a convex set and be a with , whose parametrized form is given by and defined as
for all and for all . Then is -convex on if and only if, for all and are -convex and -concave, respectively.
Proof.
Let be an -convex on Then, for all and we have
Therefore, from (20) and Proposition 2, we have
It follows that and for each This shows that and both are -convex mappings.
Conversely, suppose that and both are -convex mappings. Then from the (19), it follows that is -convex . □
Example 1.
We consider the established by,
Then, for each we have . Since end-point mappings are -convex and -concave mappings for each , respectively, then by Theorem 4, is -convex .
Remark 3.
If with , then -convex becomes classical -convex mapping [].
3. Main Results
This section summarizes the study’s principal findings. There are two subsections in this section. In the opening subsection, we present very fuzzy Aunnam integrals that are critical for estimating the Hermite–Hadamard (H-H) type inequality’s inaccuracy for -convex . In the second subsection, we find the results related to Jensen’s and Schur’s inequalities. Moreover, some exceptional cases are also acquired.
3.1. Hermite–Hadamard Type Inequalities
Theorem 5.
be a -convex , whose parametrized form is given by and provided as for all and for all . If , then
If is -concave, then (24) is inverted.
Proof.
Let -convex . Then, by hypothesis, we have
Therefore, for every , we have
Taking logarithms on both sides of (25), then we obtain
Then,
It follows that
which implies that
That is
Thus,
In a similar way as above, we have
Combining (26) and (27), we have
the required result. □
Remark 4.
If with , then by (26), the following outcome can be obtained see []:
Here, we achieve H-H Fejér type inequality for -convex To obtain H-H Fejér inequality for -convex . Initially, we find the right part of H-H Fejér inequality. In the next Theorem 5, we will acquire the left part of H-H Fejér inequality.
Theorem 6.
Let be a -convex with , whose parametrized form is given by and provided as for all and for all . If and symmetric with respect to then
If is -concave, then (28) is inverted.
Proof.
Let be a -convex . Then, for each we have
and
After adding (29) and (30), and then integrating over we get
Since is symmetric, then
Since
From (31) and (32), we have
that is
Hence
This concludes the proof. □
Now, we present the following solution for -convex utilizing up and down fuzzy inclusion relation, which is associated with the left portion classical H-H Fejér type inequality.
Theorem 7.
Let be a -convex with whose parametrized form is given by and provided as for all and for all . If and symmetric with respect to and , then
If is a -concave, then (33) is inverted.
Proof.
Since is a -convex then, for we have
By multiplying (34) by and integrate it by over we obtain
Since
From (35) and (36), we have
From which, we have
that is
Then we complete the proof. □
Remark 5.
If with , then from (30) and (35), the classical H-H Fejér inequality for -convex mapping can be acquired.
3.2. Jensen’s and Schur’s Inequalities for Log Convex Fuzzy-Number Valued Mappings
Here, we will prove Jensen’s and Schur’s inequality for -convex s.
Theorem 8.
Let , and be a -convex , whose parametrized form is given by and provided as for all and for all . Then
where If is -concave, then (37) is inverted.
Proof.
When , then (37) holds. Consider (37) also holds for then
Now, let us prove that (37) holds for , we have
Therefore, for every , we have
Similarly, for , we have
From this, we have
that is,
and the result follows. □
If then Theorem 8 reduces to the following result:
Corollary 1.
Let and be a -convex , whose parametrized form is given by and defined as for all and for all . Then,
If is a -concave, then (38) is inverted.
Now in upcoming results, with the help of -convex s, we will prove Schur’s inequality and its generalized form.
Theorem 9.
Let be a , whose parametrized form is given by and provided as for all and for all . If be a -convex then, for , such that , , we have
If is a -concave, then (39) is inverted.
Proof.
Let and Taking , then Since is a -convex then, by hypothesis, we have
Taking “log” on both sides of (40), we have
From (41), we have
That is
Hence
□
Theorem 10.
Let , and be a -convex , whose parametrized form is given by and provided as for all and for all . If then,
where If is -concave, then (42) is inverted.
Proof.
Consider , in (42). Then, for each , we have
The above inequality can be written as,
Taking multiplication of all inequalities (43) for we have
that is
Thus,
this completes the proof. □
Remark 6.
If with , then from (37), (38), and (39), we achieved the outcomes reduced for convex mapping, see [].
4. Conclusions
Using fuzzy Aumman integrals, we showed some new Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities for newly defined class up and down log–convex functions in the fuzzy environment. Furthermore, using the up-and-down log–convex fuzzy-number valued mappings, we established Jensen’s and Schur’s type inequalities. We used a mathematical example to demonstrate the correctness of the newly discovered results. We also demonstrated that the newly obtained results are an extension of previously established results in the literature. It is a novel problem in which future scholars can obtain equivalent inequalities for fractal sets and coordinated convex functions.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, M.B.K.; methodology, M.B.K.; validation, M.B.K. and S.T.; formal analysis, T.S.; investigation, M.B.K.; resources, M.B.K. and H.H.A.; data curation, M.B.K. and M.S.A.; writing—original draft preparation, M.B.K.; writing—review and editing, M.B.K.; visualization, S.T., T.S., H.H.A. and M.S.A.; supervision, M.B.K.; project administration, S.T.; funding acquisition, M.B.K. and T.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
This research work was funded by Institutional Fund Projects under grant no (IFPRC-131-130-2020). Therefore, authors gratefully acknowledge technical and financial support from the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, DSR, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Data Availability Statement
Not applicable.
Acknowledgments
All authors thank the reviewers’ comments and suggestions that were helpful in improving the pretsention of the article. This research work was funded by Institutional Fund Projects under grant no (IFPRC-131-130-2020). Therefore, authors gratefully acknowledge technical and financial support from the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, DSR, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
References
- Hanson, M.A. On sufficiency of the Kuhn-Tucker conditions. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 1981, 80, 545–550. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ben-Isreal, A.; Mond, B. What is invexity? J. Aust. Math. Soc. Ser. B 1986, 28, 1–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Noor, M.A. Variational-like inequalities. Optimization 1994, 30, 323–330. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alirezaei, G.; Mazhar, R. On exponentially concave functions and their impact in information theory. J. Inform. Theory Appl. 2018, 9, 265–274. [Google Scholar]
- Antczak, T. On (p, r)-invex sets and functions. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 2001, 263, 355–379. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bernstein, S.N. Sur les fonctions absolument monotones. Acta Math. 1929, 52, 1–66. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Noor, M.A.; Noor, K.I. Some properties of exponentially preinvex functions. FACTA Univ. NIS 2019, 34, 941–955. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Noor, M.A.; Noor, K.I. New classes of strongly exponentially preinvex functions. AIMS Math. 2019, 4, 1554–1568. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Karamardian, S. The nonlinear complementarity problems with applications, Part 2. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 1969, 4, 167–181. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Noor, M.A. Some developments in general variational inequalities. Appl. Math. Comput. 2004, 152, 199–277. [Google Scholar]
- Noor, M.A. Hermite-Hadamard integral inequalities for log-preinvex functions. J. Math. Anal. Approx. Theory 2007, 2, 126–131. [Google Scholar]
- Noor, M.A.; Noor, K.I.; Rassias, M.T. New trends in general variational inequalities. Acta Math. Appl. 2021, 107, 981–1046. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pal, S.; Wong, T.K. On exponentially concave functions and a new information geometry. Ann. Probab. 2018, 46, 1070–1113. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Noor, M.A.; Noor, K.I.; Awan, M.U. New prospective of log-convex functions. Appl. Math. Inform. Sci. 2020, 14, 847–854. [Google Scholar]
- Noor, M.A.; Noor, K.I. Strongly log-biconvex Functions and Applications. Earthline J. Math. Sci. 2021, 7, 1–23. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hadamard, J. Étude sur les propriétés des fonctions entiéres en particulier d’une fonction considéréé par Riemann. J. Math. Pures Appl. 1893, 58, 171–215. [Google Scholar]
- Moore, R.E. Interval Analysis; Prentice-Hall: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 1966. [Google Scholar]
- Snyder, J. Interval analysis for computer graphics. SIGGRAPH Comput. Graph. 1992, 26, 121–130. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gasilov, N.A.; Emrah Amrahov, S. Solving a nonhomogeneous linear system of interval differential equations. Soft Comput. 2018, 22, 3817–3828. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- De Weerdt, E.; Chu, Q.P.; Mulder, J.A. Neural network output optimization using interval analysis. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. 2009, 20, 638–653. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rothwell, E.J.; Cloud, M.J. Automatic error analysis using intervals. IEEE Trans. Edu. 2011, 55, 9–15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chalco-Cano, Y.; Flores-Franulic, A.; Román-Flores, H. Ostrowski type inequalities for interval-valued functions using generalized Hukuhara derivative. Comput. Appl. Math. 2012, 31, 457–472. [Google Scholar]
- Chalco-Cano, Y.; Lodwick, W.A.; Condori-Equice, W. Ostrowski type inequalities and applications in numerical integration for interval-valued functions. Soft Comput. 2015, 19, 3293–3300. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Román-Flores, H.; Chalco-Cano, Y.; Lodwick, W.A. Some integral inequalities for interval-valued functions. Comput. Appl. Math. 2018, 37, 1306–1318. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Costa, T.M. Jensen’s inequality type integral for fuzzy-interval-valued functions. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 2017, 327, 31–47. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Costa, T.M.; Román-Flores, H. Some integral inequalities for fuzzy-interval-valued functions. Inf. Sci. 2017, 420, 110–125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Flores-Franulic, A.; Chalco-Cano, Y.; Román-Flores, H. An Ostrowski type inequality for interval-valued functions. In Proceedings of the 2013 Joint IFSA World Congress and NAFIPS Annual Meeting (IFSA/NAFIPS), Edmonton, AB, Canada, 24–28 June 2013; pp. 1459–1462. [Google Scholar]
- Román-Flores, H.; Chalco-Cano, Y.; Silva, G.N. A note on Gronwall type inequality for interval-valued functions. In Proceedings of the 2013 Joint IFSA World Congress and NAFIPS Annual Meeting (IFSA/NAFIPS), Edmonton, AB, Canada, 24–28 June 2013; pp. 1455–1458. [Google Scholar]
- Sadowska, E. Hadamard Inequality and a Refinement of Jensen Inequality for Set-Valued Functions. Results Math. 1997, 32, 332–337. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khan, M.B.; Noor, M.A.; Macías-Díaz, J.E.; Soliman, M.S.; Zaini, H.G. Some integral inequalities for generalized left and right log convex interval-valued functions based upon the pseudo-order relation. Demonstr. Math. 2022, 55, 387–403. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khan, M.B.; Noor, M.A.; Al-Bayatti, H.M.; Noor, K.I. Some New Inequalities for LR-Log-h-Convex Interval-Valued Functions by Means of Pseudo Order Relation. Appl. Math. Inf. Sci. 2021, 15, 459–470. [Google Scholar]
- Liu, P.; Khan, M.B.; Noor, M.A.; Noor, K.I. New Hermite-Hadamard and Jensen inequalities for log-s-convex fuzzy-interval-valued functions in the second sense. Complex. Intell. Syst. 2022, 8, 413–427. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mitroi, F.C.; Nikodem, K.; Wasowicz, S. Hermite–Hadamard inequalities for convex set-valued functions. Demonstr. Math. 2013, 46, 655–662. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nikodem, K.; Sánchez, J.L.; Sánchez, L. Jensen and Hermite-Hadamard inequalities for strongly convex set-valued maps. Math. Aeterna 2014, 4, 979–987. [Google Scholar]
- Khan, M.B.; Santos-García, G.; Noor, M.A.; Soliman, M.S. Some new concepts related to fuzzy fractional calculus for up and down convex fuzzy-number valued mappings and inequalities. Chaos Solitons Fractals 2022, 164, 112692. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, D.; An, T.; Ye, G.; Liu, W. New Jensen and Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for h-convex interval-valued functions. J. Inequal. Appl. 2018, 2018, 302. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, D.; An, T.; Ye, G.; Torres, D.F. On Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for harmonical h-convex interval-valued functions. arXiv 2019, arXiv:1911.06900. [Google Scholar]
- An, Y.; Ye, G.; Zhao, D.; Liu, W. Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for interval (h1, h2)-convex functions. Mathematics 2019, 7, 436. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, R.; Xu, R. Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for harmonical (h1, h2) convex interval-valued functions. Math. Found. Comput. 2021, 4, 89. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Almutairi, O.; Kiliçman, A. Some integral inequalities for h-Godunova-Levin preinvexity. Symmetry 2019, 11, 1500. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Diamond, P.; Kloeden, P.E. Metric Spaces of Fuzzy Sets: Theory and Applications; World Scientific: Singapore, 1994. [Google Scholar]
- Bede, B. Mathematics of Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic, Volume 295 of Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2013. [Google Scholar]
- Kaleva, O. Fuzzy differential equations. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 1987, 24, 301–317. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Aubin, J.P.; Cellina, A. Differential Inclusions: Set-Valued Maps and Viability Theory, Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 1984. [Google Scholar]
- Aubin, J.P.; Frankowska, H. Set-Valued Analysis; Birkhäuser: Boston, MA, USA, 1990. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, M.-K.; Chu, Y.-M.; Qiu, S.-L.; Jiang, Y.-P. Bounds for the perimeter of an ellipse. J. Approx. Theory 2012, 164, 928–937. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, M.-K.; Chu, Y.-M.; Zhang, W. Monotonicity and inequalities involving zero-balanced hypergeometric function. Math. Inequal. Appl. 2019, 22, 601–617. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, D.; Guo, C.; Chen, D.; Wang, G. Jensen’s inequalities for set-valued and fuzzy set-valued functions. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 2021, 404, 178–204. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nanda, N.; Kar, K. Convex fuzzy mappings. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 1992, 48, 129–132. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dragomir, S.S.; Pearce, C.E.M. Selected Topics on Hermite-Hadamard Inequalities and Applications. 2003. Available online: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3158351 (accessed on 1 March 2003).
- Dragomir, S.S. A survey of Jensen type inequalities for log-convex functions of self adjoint operators in Hilbert spaces. Commun. Math. Anal. 2011, 10, 82–104. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, M.-K.; Chu, Y.-M. Refinements of transformation inequalities for zero-balanced hypergeometric functions. Acta Math. Sci. 2017, 37, 607–622. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, M.-K.; Chu, Y.-M. Landen inequalities for a class of hypergeometric functions with applications. Math. Inequal. Appl. 2018, 21, 521–537. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, M.-K.; Chu, H.-H.; Chu, Y.-M. Precise bounds for the weighted Holder mean of the complete p-elliptic integrals. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 2019, 480, 123388. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, T.H.; Wang, M.K.; Chu, Y.M. Concavity and bounds involving generalized elliptic integral of the first kind. J. Math. Inequal. 2021, 15, 701–724. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, T.H.; Wang, M.K.; Chu, Y.M. Monotonicity and convexity involving generalized elliptic integral of the first kind. Rev. La Real Acad. Cienc. Exactas Físicas Naturales. Ser. A. Matemáticas 2021, 115, 46. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chu, H.-H.; Zhao, T.-H.; Chu, Y.-M. Sharp bounds for the Toader mean of order 3 in terms of arithmetic, quadratic and contra harmonic means. Math. Slovaca 2020, 70, 1097–1112. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, T.H.; He, Z.Y.; Chu, Y.M. On some refinements for inequalities involving zero-balanced hyper geometric function. AIMS Math. 2020, 5, 6479–6495. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Abbas Baloch, I.; Chu, Y.-M. Petrovic-type inequalities for harmonic h-convex functions. J. Funct. Spaces 2020, 2020, 3075390. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chu, Y.-M.; Long, B.-Y. Sharp inequalities between means. Math. Inequal. Appl. 2011, 14, 647–655. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chu, Y.-M.; Qiu, Y.-F.; Wang, M.-K. Hölder mean inequalities for the complete elliptic integrals. Integral Transforms Spec. Funct. 2012, 23, 521–527. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chu, Y.-M.; Wang, M.-K. Inequalities between arithmetic geometric, Gini, and Toader means. Abstr. Appl. Anal. 2012, 2012, 830585. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chu, Y.-M.; Wang, M.-K. Optimal Lehmer mean bounds for the Toader mean. Results Math. 2012, 61, 223–229. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chu, Y.-M.; Wang, M.-K.; Jiang, Y.-P.; Qiu, S.-L. Concavity of the complete elliptic integrals of the second kind with respect to Hölder means. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 2012, 395, 637–642. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).