Abstract
The main concern of this paper is to investigate the existence and uniqueness of a fuzzy neutral impulsive stochastic differential system with Caputo fractional order driven by fuzzy Brownian motion using fuzzy numbers with bounded -level intervals that are convex, normal and upper-semicontinuous. Fuzzy Itô process, Grönwall’s inequality and the Banach fixed-point theorem are employed to probe the local and global existence. An analytical example is provided to examine the theoretical results.
Keywords:
fuzzy stochastic differential equation; fuzzy Itô process; neutral impulsive system; Caputo fractional derivative; Banach fixed-point theorem MSC:
60H10; 34F05; 34A07; 34A12
1. Introduction
Fractional order derivatives have gained prominence and appeal among researchers in recent decades. The primary advantage of fractional calculus is that fractional derivatives can be used to describe the memory and hereditary qualities of diverse materials and processes. Fractional calculus is important in many disciplines of practical research, including blood flow, control theory, economics, etc. [1,2]. Several articles [3,4,5] have reported the existence results for neutral differential equations with fractional order in the Caputo sense. Various proposed fuzzy differential systems furnish better models in the frame of ambiguity. Noise frequently causes fluctuations in deterministic systems so it is inevitable to replace deterministic models with stochastic models. The behaviour of uncertainty is concerned with the stochastic mutability of an entire attainable consequence of states though ambiguity connected with the blurred confine of models. Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) and fuzzy SDEs are effective tools for modelling fuzzy random phenomena. Dynamical systems with fuzziness are designed by fuzzy stochastic differential systems affected by fuzzy stochastic noise. The basic statistical properties of fuzzy stochastic processes are considered in [6].
Many experts are investigating fuzzy postulates [7,8,9,10,11,12], which currently have increasing applications in a wide range of engineering disciplines and also in finance [13,14,15,16]. Many interpretations of facts in economics, smart fluid technology, bioinformatics, and neural networks have successfully used perturbation terms in crisp stochastic differential systems [17]. A number of studies [12,18,19,20,21,22,23] have employed fuzzy stochastic differential and integral equations for applications, including the presentation of a model for application in population dynamics. Zhu et al. [24] examined the uniqueness and existence of stochastic set-valued differential equations with fractional Brownian motion, and Jafari et al. [15] studied fuzzy stochastic differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motion. Arhrrabi et al. [25] inspected the existence, uniqueness and stability for fuzzy fractional stochastic differential systems driven by fractional Brownian motion using an approximation method.
The reason for investigators to concentrate on fuzzy impulsive differential equations is the sudden switch over of conditions in numerous processes. Benchohra et al. [26] investigated fuzzy solutions for impulsive differential equations. Priyadharshini et al. [27] proposed the existence and uniqueness of fuzzy fractional stochastic differential systems with impulses with granular derivatives using a contraction principle. Bao et al. [28] and Chadha et al. [29] undertook work on impulsive neutral stochastic differential equations with infinite delay in the frame of the Caputo fractional order. Narayanamoorthy et al. [30] studied the approximate controllability for impulsive linear fuzzy stochastic differential equations under non-local conditions. Maheswari et al. [31] and Anguraj et al. [32] examined the existence and stability behavior of neutral impulsive stochastic differential equations. The results of [33] showed that impulses can facilitate the stability of stochastic differential equations when the original system is not stable.
Examples of manifesting the existence and uniqueness of various systems have been reported in numerous articles. Balasubramainiam et al. [34] studied the existence and uniqueness of fuzzy solutions for semilinear fuzzy integro-differential equations using fuzzy numbers whose values were normal, convex upper-semicontinuous, and with compactly supported intervals. Abuasbeh et al. [16] investigated the existence and uniqueness of fuzzy fractional stochastic differential systems driven by fractional Brownian motion with non-local conditions using an approximation method. Arhrrabi et al. [35] explored the existence and uniqueness of solutions for fuzzy fractional stochastic differential equations under generalized Hukuhara differentiability, using the principle of contraction mappings. Luo et al. [36] explored a new kind of Caputo fractional fuzzy stochastic differential equation with delay and established the existence using a monotone iterative technique. Using a fuzzy controller function, Chaharpashlou et al. [37] stabilized the random operator for a type of fractional stochastic Voltera integral equation. The authors of [38] addressed the exact controllability for Caputo fuzzy fractional evolution equations in the credibility space from the perspective of the Liu process. The concepts of global and local existence and uniqueness were presented in [39] for the fuzzy fractional functional evolution equation by employing the contraction principle and successive approximation.
The determined efforts which have inspired this article include the work of Anil kumar et al. [40] on fuzzy fractional differential systems with non-instantaneous impulses, which inspect the local and global existence using contraction mapping and Grönwall’s inequality. The weak uniqueness of fuzzy stochastic differential equations driven by fuzzy Brownian motion was explored by Didier et al. [41]. The fuzzy stochastic integral driven by fuzzy Brownian motion with metric between fuzzy numbers and the limit of sequences of fuzzy numbers was taken into account in [42]. The primary purpose of this paper is to investigate the existence and uniqueness using a -cut method of the fuzzy fractional order neutral impulsive stochastic differential system operated by fuzzy Brownian motion.
We explore below the solution for the considered fractional order fuzzy neutral impulsive stochastic differential system.
where is a (0, 1) order Caputo derivative, and is the fuzzy function structure. Here, . is the fuzzy Brownian motion. The pertinent functions are ; where signify the group of fuzzy numbers that are convex, normal, upper-semi continuous with bounded -level intervals. and depict the right and left limit of the fuzzy function at , where and , is a continuous function.
The contribution of this article are:
- (i)
- This study explores the existence of fuzzy neutral impulsive fractional stochastic systems with fuzzy metrices and fuzzy Brownian motion for the first time in the literature.
- (ii)
- An example is provided to illustrate the theory.
The article is structured as follows: In Section 2, the core definitions that are fundamental to the paper are presented. In Section 3, the local existence and uniqueness of the considered system is established. In Section 4, the global existence and uniqueness of the considered system is established. In Section 5, an example with -cut is provided for the proposed system. Finally, the conclusions are drawn in Section 6.
2. Preliminaries
This part of the article sets out some notations, rudimentary definitions, and major lemmas that are utilized for the leading proof. Let us indicate as the collection of all fuzzy valued continuous functions on V: = [0, T] and as the collection of all fuzzy valued Labesgue integrable functions on V. In addition, we specify as the space of fuzzy functions that are piecewise continuous functions where .
Definition 1.
Hausdorff metric [9]: The distance of two sets that are nonempty bounded subsets of as
We elucidate the structure to be the complete probability space with filtration contented by regular conditions. The proceeding values from , i.e., (the collection of all non-empty subsets of that are convex and compact). The fuzzy Brownian motion is defined on .
Signifying as the family of -measurable multi-valued random variables and also as the set of all -integrably bounded. The function with state is satisfied for every open set . The function is a multi-valued random variable if, and only if, F is a measurable function denotes the Borel -algebra generated by the metric in ).
Definition 2.
Fuzzy random variable [9]: A mapping is claimed to be a fuzzy random variable if is an -measurable set valued random variable (0, 1] with .
Considering the σ-algebra generated by the topology induced by the metric in , the interpretation is analogous to the measurability for .
Definition 3.
-integrably bounded [23]: Fuzzy random variable to -integrable that are bounded, if is complete.
Definition 4.
Fuzzy stochastic process [41]: We term the mapping a fuzzy stochastic process if V the function is a fuzzy random variable. We affirm that a fuzzy stochastic process z is -continuous if a stochastic process h is continuous and it is adapted and measurable.
Definition 5.
Fuzzy Brownian motion [41]: A fuzzy stochastic process is a fuzzy Brownian motion on the space if, and only if, , the process
is an interval-Brownian Motion on and
Definition 6.
Fuzzy Membership function [7]: The mapping that satisfies
- (1)
- If , then is interpreted as complete membership.
- (2)
- If then is interpreted as partial membership.
- (3)
- If , then is interpreted as non-membership.
Definition 7.
Fuzzy number [7]: A fuzzy set is claimed as a fuzzy number if it assures
- (1)
- is normal, i.e., for .
- (2)
- is fuzzy convex, i.e., ,
- (3)
- is upper semi-continuous on
- (4)
- is compactly supported, i.e., is compact.
Definition 8.
-level set [11]: The ν-level set of the fuzzy set is defined as
and , cl denotes closure and is compact.
Define the ν-level set of as are left and right branch.
In consequence, for any two fuzzy numbers,
Definition 9
([9]). The distance between fuzzy numbers in the Hausdorff space is defined as
Clearly is a complete metric space and the metric sustains the properties
- (1)
- (2)
- (3)
Definition 10
([10]). We define
Hence, forms a complete metric space.
Definition 11
([10]). The supremum metric on is defined by
Now, is a metric in and forms a complete metric space.
Definition 12
([10]). We define the metric
It is direct that is a complete metric space.
Lemma 1
([10]). For , we have
Definition 13.
Fuzzy integral [8]: The integral of a function , which is measurable and integrably bounded is in the configuration
Theorem 1.
(Fuzzy Itô process) [41] For , we have
Proof.
From the definition of for
Now, consider
We have
Hence, the proof. □
Definition 14
([2]). Let , the fuzzy Riemann–Liouville integral of fuzzy valued function z is
Definition 15
([2]). The fuzzy Caputo differentiability of z is
In particular, for (0,1)
Lemma 2.
If , then the unique solution of
is given by
Definition 16.
An -adapted fuzzy stochastic process is reckoned to be the solution of the proposed system(1) if where z is continuous, is disposed to be as
3. Existence of Local Solutions via Contraction Principle
Theorem 2.
If the hypothesis
- For η the is measurable, we retain
- For all q,h,ϱ and , we retain
- For , we retainis satisfied, then system (1) possibly has a local unique solution on U.
Proof.
Defining an operator
The solution of the system (1) is
Now, we show that the operator owns a fixed point, that provides the solution of the proposed system (1). We crack the proof over three segments.
Case 1: If and , we know that
Therefore
Hence, is a contraction in
Case 2: When and , we could explore
Now,
By using the hypothesis and Theorem 1, we have
Now, by Definition 11, we have
According to Definition 12, we have
Hence,
Hence, is contraction in
Case 3: When and , we could explore
Now,
By using the hypothesis and Theorem 1
Now, by using Definition 11, we have
According to the Definition 12,
Hence,
Hence, is the contraction in .
Consequently, we complete the proof by concluding as
Therefore, is a contraction in a strict manner on and, thus, by the Banach fixed-point theorem shows that has a unique fixed point for the proposed fuzzy system. □
4. Existence of Global Solutions via Gronwall Inequality
Lemma 3.
Ref. [40] Let be a continuous function on . If there are positive constants such that
then there exists a constant such that for 0 T
Theorem 3.
Let the functions retain the claimed assumptions and provided that
Then the system (1) has a unique solution z on .
Proof.
We address the solution of the system (1), using the theorem (2) up to staying bounded. Thus, we need to claim z exists on ; then it is bounded as increases to T.
Here, the proof is divided into three segments
case (i) When in the interval , we explore
case (ii) When , we have
Now,
By using assumptions and Theorem 1, we have
By Definition 11,
According to Definition 12,
where
Thus, we have
case (iii) When , we explore
Now,
Thus, by the assumptions and Theorem 1, we have
By Definition 11, we have
where
According to Definition 12,
where ,
Thus, from case(i)–(iii), we have
where , ,
In order that
Hence,
From Lemma (3), we conclude (i.e.,) z is bounded. Clearly our solution exists globally in the interval . □
5. Example
Considering the neutral impulsive Caputo-order fuzzy fractional stochastic differential system with fuzzy Brownian motion
It is noted that, , and for the fuzzy number, the -cut is with (0, 1] . Here ,, , , m = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Now, the solution for the system with the -cut method is furnished below
Now, the -level set is noticeable for the example
Therefore, we now deduce the uniqueness for the instance
where
Hence, it satisfies the hypothesis.
In addition,
where
Hence, it satisfies the hypothesis.
Now, the -level set for fuzzy number ∀(0, 1] and the set for the impulse are as follows:
Therefore,
where
Hence, it satisfies the hypothesis.
Thus, all the hypotheses are addressed. Hence, the system has a unique fuzzy solution.
6. Conclusions
The solution of the fuzzy fractional neutral impulsive stochastic differential equation possessing global and local existence is demonstrated in this paper. We put forward a -cut method to obtain the uniqueness and existence results. Future research on fuzzy time-delay fractional stochastic differential equations driven by fuzzy Brownian motion with non-instantaneous impulses could benefit from the findings of this study.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, M.M.S.; Methodology, M.M.S., B.K., K.L. and M.R.; Formal analysis, M.M.S.; Investigation, N.A. and B.K.; Resources, K.L.; Data curation, K.L.; Writing—original draft, M.M.S.; Writing—review & editing, B.K., K.L. and M.R.; Supervision, M.R.; Project administration, N.A.; Funding acquisition, N.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
This research was funded by Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R59), Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Institutional Review Board Statement
Not applicable.
Informed Consent Statement
Not applicable.
Data Availability Statement
Not applicable.
Acknowledgments
Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R59), Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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