Abstract
In this article, a nonlinear system of generalized ordered XOR-inclusion problems in Hilbert space is introduced and studied. Initially, we define the resolvent operator related to the -XOR-weak-ANODD multivalued mapping. Using the fixed point technique, we demonstrate the results of existence. In order to make the suggested system more realistic, we create the S-iterative algorithm and demonstrate that the sequence generated through this technique strongly converges with the proposed system’s solution. One example is provided in support of the existence result as well.
MSC:
47H09; 49H40
1. Introduction
In recent decades, the variational inclusion problems have been extended and generalized in various directions by using novel and innovative techniques. One useful and important form of inclusion problem is the set-valued inclusion problem. Many problems related to control theory, game theory, optimization economics applied sciences, etc. can be constructed in terms of set-valued inclusion problem , for a given set-valued mapping M in Hilbert space. For more details, we refer to [1,2,3,4,5] and references therein. A system of variational inequalities (inclusions), which is a natural generalization of variational inequalities, was taken into consideration and researched by many mathematicians as [6,7,8] and reference therein.
In 1972, Amann [9] introduced a technique for finding the number of solutions of nonlinear equations in ordered Hilbert spaces and Banach spaces. The applications of nonlinear equations involving nonlinear increasing operators were investigated by Du [10] and Srivastava et al. [11,12,13]. A large amount of literature is available related to ordered inequalities (inclusions) problems in arbitrarily ordered spaces. In 2008, Li and his coauthors [14] introduced and studied ordered variational inequalities (inclusion) with XOR-operations. Generally, XOR-operation is applicable in parity checks, neural networks, controlled inverters, binary to gray/gray to binary conversion, combinational logic circuits, etc. A lot of work related to ordered inclusions problem with XOR-operation can be found in [15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22].
In 2021, Ahmad and his coauthors introduced a nonlinear system of Mixed ordered variational inclusions with XOR-operation [23]. Inspired by the aforementioned work. In this article, we consider a system of nonlinear ordered XOR-inclusion problems in an ordered Hilbert space.
The paper is designed in the following way.
In Section 2, we have presented some prerequisites that we are needed to achieve our goal. In Section 3, we formulate our problem and prove an existence result by using the resolvent operator technique. In Section 4, we develop the S-iterative algorithm for the considered system and show the convergence of the sequence generated by S-iterative algorithm. In the last section, we have presented the conclusion of our work.
2. Prerequisites
Throughout this article, we assume to be a real ordered positive Hilbert space with the norm and inner product the metric induced by the norm , (respectively, ) the nonempty collection of (respectively, closed and bounded) subsets of and the Hausdorff metric on , is defined as:
where and .
Definition 1
([22,24]). Let be closed convex subset of . Then P is called
- (i)
- a cone if for any and any
- (ii)
- pointed cone if and then
Definition 2
([22,24]). Let P be the cone, then
- (i)
- P is called a normal cone if ∃ a constant such that implies
- (ii)
- for any if and only if
- (iii)
- and are said to be comparative to each other if either or holds and is denoted by
Definition 3
([22,24]). For all let denotes least upper bound and denotes greatest lower bound of the set Suppose and for the set exists, then we define binary operations as below:
- (i)
- (ii)
- (iii)
- (iv)
The operations⊕ and ⊙ are called OR, AND, XOR and XNOR operations, respectively.
Proposition 1
([15,22]). Let ⊕ be an XOR-operation and ⊙ be an XNOR-operation. Then the following holds:
- (i)
- (ii)
- if then
- (iii)
- (iv)
- if
- (v)
- if then if and only if
- (vi)
- (vii)
- (viii)
- if and are comparable to each other, then
- (ix)
- if and are comparable to each other, then
- (x)
- if and .
Proposition 2
([15,22]). Let P be a normal cone with normal constant in then for each the following hold:
- (i)
- (ii)
- (iii)
- ,
- (iv)
- if then
Definition 4
([15,22]). A single-valued mapping is said to be
- (i)
- a comparison mapping if for each and then and
- (ii)
- strongly comparison mapping if A is a comparison mapping and if and only if for any
- (iii)
- β-ordered compression mapping if A is a comparison mapping and
Definition 5.
Let be strongly comparison single-valued mappings. Then, the mapping is said to be
- (i)
- -ordered compression mapping in the first argument with respect to if there exists a constant such that
- (ii)
- -ordered compression mapping in the second argument with respect to if there exists a constant such that
Definition 6
([15,22]). Let be a multi-valued mapping and be a single-valued mapping. Then
- (i)
- is said to be -Lipschitz-type-continuous if for any , there exists a constant such that
- (ii)
- is said to be a comparison mapping if for any and if then for and
- (iii)
- a comparison mapping is said to be -non-ordinary difference mapping with respect to A if for each and such that
- (iv)
- a comparison mapping is said to be λ--ordered different weak comparison mapping with respect to A, if then ∃ a constant such that
- (v)
- is said to be a -XOR-weak-ANODD mapping, if is a -weak-non-ordinary difference mapping with respect to A, λ-XOR-ordered different weak comparison mapping with respect to A and .
Definition 7
([23]). Let be a -XOR-weak-ANODD multi-valued mapping with respect to the strongly comparison and β-ordered compression mapping . Then the resolvent operator associated with A and is defined by
where
Proposition 3
([22,23]). Let be a -XOR-weak-ANODD multi-valued mapping with respect to the strongly comparison and β-ordered compression mapping such that . Then the resolvent operator is well defined and single value for and .
Proposition 4
([22,23]). Let be a -XOR-weak-ANODD multi value mapping with respect to . Let be the strongly comparison and β-ordered compression mapping with respect to for and . Then, is a comparison mapping and satisfies the condition
i.e., the resolvent operator is Lipschitz-type-continuous.
3. Problem Formulation Furthermore, Existence of Solution
Throughout, in rest portion of this article, we assume for , . Let and be single valued mappings. Suppose are -XOR-weak-ANODD multi-valued mapping and are closed and bounded multi-valued mappings. Then, the problem of finding , and such that
holds, for some is called a nonlinear system of generalized ordered XOR-inclusion problems. By suitable assumptions of mappings involving in system (3), one can obtain many existing problems like [25]. Some of them are mentioned here.
Special Cases:
The fixed point formulation for the nonlinear system of generalized ordered XOR -inclusion problems is the following lemma.
Lemma 1.
The triplets , i.e., and is a solution of system (3) if and only if the following equations hold:
hold, where are constants.
Proof.
Utilizing Definition 7 of the resolvent operator, the proof is simple and easily achieved.
Under some reasonable assumptions, the existence of the solution to system (3) is demonstrated by the following theorem. □
Theorem 1.
For , , let be single value mappings such that are -ordered compression mapping and , be strongly comprasion mappings. Assume that is single value mapping such that is -ordered compression in first argument with respect to and -ordered compression in second argument with respect to , respectively. Suppose is a -XOR-weak-ANODD multi-value mapping and are -Lipschitz continuous with constants and , respectively.
Furthermore, if , , , and for all constants , the following relations hold:
and
where
Proof.
We define the mapping by
where are mappings defined as
For any such that , and using Proposition 1, we have
Using the Proposition 1, Proposition 4, (7) and the compression of , we have
By using the normal cone definition and (9), we have
Using of Proposition 1, we calculate
Since is -ordered compression mapping in the first argument with respect to and -ordered compression mapping in the second argument with respect to , we have
Since , by Nadler [28], ∃ such that
Using -Lipschitz continuity of and , we obtain
For any such that , and using Proposition 1, we have
Using the Proposition 1, Proposition 4, (7) and the compression of , we have
Using Proposition 2 and (16), we have
Since is -ordered compression mapping in the first argument with respect to and -ordered compression mapping in the second argument with respect to . Hence, importing the same logic as in (11) for (12), we have
Similarly,
Continuing in this way, for any such that , and using Proposition 1, we have
Using the Proposition 4, (7) and the compression of , we have
Using Proposition 2 and (21), we have
Now, we define by
It is easy to prove that is a Banach space. Hence, from definition of the mapping B, (25) and (26), we have
From (8) we know that . Therefore, the mapping B is a contraction mapping. Hence, there exists a unique fixed point of B (by Banach contraction principle); that is,
This leads to
It is determined by Lemma (1) that is a solution of system (3). □
In support of Theorem 1, we give the following numerical example.
Example 1.
Let , , the mappings , , be defined by
Suppose that the mappings is defined as
Now,
i.e., is -ordered compression. Furthermore,
i.e., is -ordered compression in first argument with respect to and in second argument with respect to .
It is also trivial to verify that are -weak-non-ordinary-difference mappings and -XOR-ordered different weak compression with respect to where . For , which exhibits that are -XOR weak ANODD multi-mappings.
Hence the resolvent operator assciated with and are of the form
which are single-valued and comparisons. Now,
Therefore, the resolvent operators are continuous Lipschitz type with constants . Clearly, Theorem 1’s requirements are all satisfied.
4. S-Iteration and Its Convergence
In this section, based on Lemma 1, we develop the S-iterative algorithm for finding the approximate solution of the new system of generalized XOR-inclusion problem (Algorithm 1). The convergence of the sequence generated by the S-iterative algorithm is shown under some suitable assumptions. For more details related to S-iterative algorithm, we refer to [29] and reference therein.
| Algorithm 1 S-iterative algorithm |
For , , let and be the single-valued mappings. Suppose are -Lipschitz continuous mappings and are XOR-weak-ANODD multi-valued mappings. Then, Initially: Choose , , and . Step: I We define
Step: II Choose and such that
Step: III If and , satisfying step-I and the accuracy is satisfactory, quit; otherwise, set and go back to step-II. |
Lemma 2.
Let and be the sequences in such that that the following are satisfy
- (i)
- and ;
- (ii)
Then as .
Theorem 2.
Proof.
Using Proposition 1 and iterative Algorithm 1, we have
By using Proposition 1 and -ordered compression of , we obtain
which implies that
Since is a -ordered compression mapping in the first component with respect to and a -ordered compression mapping in the second component with respect to , therefore, by applying the same logic as in (11) for (12), we obtain
Using (31) and (32), we have
Furthermore, by using algorithm (1), we calculate
Using Proposition 1, Lipschitz-type-continuity of and condition (7), we have
Using (31) and (32), we have
Similarly, we may obtain
That is,
Since the cone P is normal, by Proposition 1, we have
Using the Proposition 1 and Algorithm 1, we calculate
Applying the same logic as in (35) for (38), we obtain
Using (31) and (32), we have
Furthermore, by iterative Algorithm (1), we calculate
Using (31) and (32), we have
Similarly, we get
That is,
Continuing in this way, we have from Algorithm 1 that
Using (31) and (32), we have
Furthermore, by using Algorithm 1, we calculate
By (31) and (32), we have
Let . From (31) and (32), and , as . Where
By algebra of convergence of sequences and , we may say that such that as . Therefore, , as , where . Condition (33) implies that , so for sufficiently large n.
Let . Then, (65) can be written as
Choosing such that As a result of Lemma 2 that Therefore, converge strongly to the solution of system (3). □
5. Conclusions
In this article, a nonlinear system of generalized ordered XOR- inclusion problem is studied in Hilbert space, which is more general than the problems studied in [21,25]. We analyze suitable conditions to prove the existence and convergence result of the considered system by using the theory of strong compression mappings, the resolvent operator, the Banach contraction theorem and the theory of converging sequences. Our results are new and easy to understand.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, I.A.; Software, H.A.R. and R.G.; Formal analysis, Y.W.; Resources, H.A.R.; Writing—review & editing, I.A.; Visualization, Y.W.; Funding acquisition, Y.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant number 12171435).
Data Availability Statement
Not applicable.
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to anonymous referees and the editor for their valuable suggestions and comments which improve the manuscript a lot.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
References
- Ahmad, R.; Ansari, Q.H. An iterative algorithm for generalized nonlinear variational inclusions. Appl. Math. Lett. 2000, 13, 23–26. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Noor, M.A. Three-step iterative algorithms for multivaled quasi-variational inclusions. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 2001, 255, 589–604. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chang, S.S.; Kim, J.K.; Kim, K.H. On the existence and the iterative approximation problems of solutions for set-valued variational inclusions in Banach spaces. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 2000, 248, 438–454. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ding, X.P.; Xia, F.Q. A new class of completely generalized quasivariational inclusions in Banach spaces. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 2002, 147, 369–383. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Verma, R.U. A-monotonicity and apllications to nonlinear variational inclusions problems. J. Appl. Math. Stoch. Anal. 2004, 17, 193–195. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, X.; Sahu, D.R.; Wen, C.F. Iterative methods for system of variational inclusions involving accretive operators and applications. Fixed Point Thoery 2018, 19, 801–822. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yan, Y.P.; Fang, N.J. A new system of set-valued variational inclusions with H-monotone operators. Math. Inequal. Appl. 2005, 8, 537–546. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Agarwal, R.P.; Huang, N.J.; Tan, M.Y. Sensitivity analysis for a new system of generalized nonlinear mixed quasi-variational inclusions. Appl. Math. Lett. 2004, 17, 345–352. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Amann, H. On the number of solutions of nonlinear equations in ordered Banch spaces. J. Funct. Anal. 1972, 11, 346–384. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Du, Y.H. Fixed points of increasing operators in ordered Banach spaces and applications. Appl. Anal. 1990, 38, 1–20. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Srivastava, H.M.; Mohammed, P.O.; Guirao, J.L.G.; Hamed, Y.S. Some Higher-Degree Lacunary Fractional Splines in the Approximation of Fractional Differential Equations. Symmetry 2021, 13, 422. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Srivastava, H.M.; Khan, Z.; Mohammed, P.O.; Al-Sarairah, E.; Jawad, M.; Jan, R. Heat Transfer of Buoyancy and Radiation on the Free Convection Boundary Layer MHD Flow across a Stretchable Porous Sheet. Energies 2023, 16, 58. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khan, Z.; Hari Mohan Srivastava, H.M.; Pshtiwan Othman Mohammed, P.O.; Jawad, M.; Jan, R.; Nonlaopon, K. Thermal boundary layer analysis of MHD nanofluids across a thin needle using non-linear thermal radiation. AIMS Math. 2022, 19, 14116–14141. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Li, H.G. Approximation Solution For Generalized Nonlinear Ordered Variational Inequality and Ordered Equation in Ordered Banach Space. Nonlinear Anal. Forum 2008, 13, 205–214. Available online: http://www.na-forum.org (accessed on 27 February 2018).
- Li, H.G. A nonlinear inclusion problem involving (α, λ)-NODM set-valued mappings in ordered Hilbert space. Appl. Math. Lett. 2012, 25, 1384–1388. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, H.G.; Li, L.P.; Jin, M.M. A class of nonlinear mixed ordered ininclusion problems for ordered (αA, λ)-ANODM set-valued mappings with strong compression mapping. Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2014, 2014, 79. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, H.G.; Pan, X.D.; Deng, Z.; Wang, C.Y. Solving GNOVI frameworks involving (γG, λ)-weak-GRD set-valued mappings in positive Hilbert spaces. Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2014, 2014, 146. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ahmad, I.; Pang, C.T.; Ahmad, R.; Ishtyak, M. System of Yosida Inclusions involving XOR-operator. J. Nonlinear Convex Anal. 2017, 18, 831–845. [Google Scholar]
- Ahmad, I.; Ahmad, R.; Iqbal, J. A resolvent approach for solving a set-valued variational inclusion problem using weak-RRD set-valued mapping. Korean J. Math. 2016, 24, 199–213. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ahmad, R.; Ahmad, I.; Ali, I.; Al-Homidan, S.; Wang, Y.H. H(·, ·)-ordered compression mapping for solving XOR-variational inclusion problem. J. Nonlinear Convex Anal. 2018, 19, 2189–2201. [Google Scholar]
- Ahmad, I.; Pang, C.T.; Ahmad, R.; Ali, I. A new resolvent operator approach for solving a general variational inclusion problem involving XOR-operation with convergence and stability analysis. Linear and Nonlinear Anal. 2018, 4, 413–430. [Google Scholar]
- Ali, I.; Ahmad, R.; Wen, C.F. Cayley Inclusion problem involving XOR-operation. Mathematics 2019, 7, 302. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ahmad, I.; Abdullah; Irfan, S.H. Nonlinear System of Mixed Ordered Variational Inclusions Involving XOR Operation. Aust. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 2021, 18, 15. [Google Scholar]
- Schaefer, H.H. Banach Lattices and Positive Operators; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 1974. [Google Scholar]
- Salahuddin. System of Generalized Mixed Nonlinear Ordered Variational Inclusions. Numer. Algebra Control. Optim. 2019, 9, 445–460. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, H.G.; Qiu, D.; Jin, M.M. GNM ordered variational inequality system with ordered Lipschitz continuous mappings in an ordered Banach space. J. Inequal. Appl. 2013, 2013, 514. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ahmad, R.; Ali, I.; Li, X.-B.; Ishtyak, M.; Wen, C.-F. System of Multi-Valued Mixed Variational Inclusions with XOR-Operation in Real Ordered Uniformly Smooth Banach Spaces. Mathematics 2019, 7, 1027. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nadler, S.B., Jr. Multi-valued contraction mappings. Pac. J. Math. 1969, 30, 475–488. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Agarwal, R.P.; O’Regan, D.; Sahu, D.R. Fixed Point Theory for Lipschitzian-Type Mappings with Applications; Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherland, 2009. [Google Scholar]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).