Addiction to New Technologies and Cyberbullying in the Costa Rican Context
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Participants
2.2. Design and Procedure
2.3. Instruments
3. Results
Variable | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Sex | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
2. Type of family | −0.02 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
3. Number brother or sister | 0.03 | 0.14 | — | ||||||||||||||||||
4. Age | 0.05 | −0.17 | −0.09 | — | |||||||||||||||||
5. Type school | −0.13 | −0.09 | −0.04 | 0.38 *** | — | ||||||||||||||||
6. Mother Education | −0.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.33 *** | 0.54 *** | — | |||||||||||||||
7. Father Education | 0.03 | 0.04 | −0.08 | 0.37 *** | 0.62 *** | 0.66 *** | — | ||||||||||||||
8. Total internet addiction | −0.10 | 0.10 | −0.13 | −0.10 | −0.03 | −0.01 | 0.02 | — | |||||||||||||
9. Abuse internet | 0.02 | 0.20 * | −0.01 | −0.21 ** | −0.12 | −0.08 | 0.01 | 0.53 *** | — | ||||||||||||
10. Withdrawal Internet | 0.01 | 0.10 | −0.06 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.45 *** | 0.35 *** | — | |||||||||||
11. Lack of control Internet | −0.00 | 0.19 | −0.05 | −0.10 | −0.04 | −0.05 | −0.00 | 0.62 *** | 0.62 *** | 0.55 *** | — | ||||||||||
12. Escape Internet | −0.01 | 0.12 | −0.09 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.60 *** | 0.43 *** | 0.66 *** | 0.55 *** | — | |||||||||
13. Total smartphone addiction | 0.19 * | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.19 * | 0.24 ** | 0.30 *** | 0.26 ** | 0.35 *** | 0.22 *** | — | ||||||||
14. Lack of control Smartphone | 0.06 | 0.06 | −0.05 | −0.05 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.17 | 0.40 *** | 0.36 *** | 0.24 ** | 0.52 *** | 0.35 *** | 0.63 *** | — | |||||||
15. Economic Problem smartphone | 0.14 | 0.04 | −0.10 | 0.02 | 0.18 * | 0.18 | 0.23 ** | 0.25 ** | 0.34 *** | 0.21 * | 0.35 *** | 0.37 *** | 0.62 *** | 0.75 *** | — | ||||||
16. Abuse smartphone | 0.08 | −2.65 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.06 | −0.01 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.31 *** | 0.21 ** | 0.28 *** | 0.18 * | 0.68 *** | 0.57 *** | 0.67 *** | — | |||||
17. Total video-games addiction | 0.06 | −0.01 | −0.04 | −0.03 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.21 * | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.19 * | 0.19 * | 0.35 *** | 0.30 *** | 0.14 | — | ||||
18. Interference in other activities—video-games | 0.11 | 0.05 | −0.11 | −0.02 | 0.19 * | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.18 * | 0.12 | 0.23 ** | 0.31 *** | 0.27 ** | 0.24 ** | 0.40 *** | — | |||
19. Withdrawal video-games | 0.04 | −0.11 | −0.07 | −0.14 | 0.07 | −0.16 | −0.04 | 0.21 * | 0.20 * | 0.14 | 0.21 * | 0.13 | 0.21 * | 0.30 *** | 0.25 ** | 0.27 ** | 0.43 *** | 0.54 *** | — | ||
20. Escape and social problem video-games | 0.20 | 0.06 | −0.09 | −0.09 | 0.13 | −0.08 | −0.04 | 0.25 ** | 0.16 | 0.18 * | 0.19 * | 0.18 * | 0.21 * | 0.30 *** | 0.26 ** | 0.21 * | 0.50 *** | 0.77 *** | 0.58 *** | — | |
21. Cyber-victim | 0.02 | −0.03 | −0.07 | −0.13 | −0.01 | −0.10 | −0.05 | 0.25 ** | 0.18 | 0.21 * | 0.26 ** | 0.23 ** | 0.18 * | 0.38 *** | 0.34 *** | 0.28 *** | 0.48 *** | 0.50 *** | 0.47 *** | 0.57 *** | — |
22. Cyberbully | 0.14 | −0.04 | −0.10 | −0.13 | 0.02 | −0.16 | −0.11 | 0.27 ** | 0.19 * | 0.23 ** | 0.27 ** | 0.27 ** | 0.22 * | 0.38 *** | 0.30 *** | 0.22 * | 0.48 *** | 0.65 *** | 0.62 *** | 0.76 *** | 0.81 *** |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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School Type | Frequency | Percent | Mean | Std. Deviation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Public | 87 | 68.50 | ||
Private | 40 | 31.49 | ||
Family type | ||||
Extended family | 21 | 16.53 | ||
Nuclear | 74 | 58.26 | ||
Divorce parents | 24 | 18.89 | ||
Mixed family | 7 | 5.51 | ||
Single parent | 1 | 0.78 | ||
Mean number of siblings | 1.75 | 1.28 | ||
Extended family | 21 | 16.53 | ||
Mother educational level | ||||
Incomplete Elementary School | 11 | 8.66 | ||
Complete Elementary School | 28 | 22.04 | ||
Incomplete High School | 22 | 17.32 | ||
Complete High School | 27 | 21.26 | ||
University | 39 | 30.70 | ||
Father educational level | ||||
Incomplete Elementary School | 10 | 7.87 | ||
Complete Elementary School | 31 | 24.40 | ||
Incomplete High School | 23 | 18.11 | ||
Complete High School | 30 | 23.62 |
Mean | Std. Deviation | |
---|---|---|
Total Internet | 2.315 | 1.252 |
Abuse Internet | 3.213 | 1.301 |
Withdrawal Internet | 2.575 | 1.372 |
Lack of control Internet | 2.228 | 1.229 |
Escape Internet | 2.173 | 1.248 |
Total smartphone addiction | 2.126 | 1.517 |
Lack of control Smartphone | 1.575 | 1.073 |
Economic problem smartphone | 1.787 | 1.270 |
Abuse smartphone | 2.252 | 1.491 |
Total video-games adiction | 0.236 | 0.695 |
Interference in other activities video-games | 0.134 | 0.569 |
Withdrawal video-games | 0.189 | 0.587 |
Mean | Std. Deviation | |
---|---|---|
Cyber-victim | 0.087 | 0.455 |
Cyberbully | 0.118 | 0.762 |
Questions | Word Cloud 1 |
---|---|
Cyber-victims | |
“If you have been harassed through the mobile phone, the Internet... Who have you told? What have you done?“ Open answer | |
“What do you feel or have you felt when you have been harassed?” * Multiple choice answer | |
“What effects have these situations had on you? Describe them: “ * Multiple choice answer | |
Cyberbullies “Why do you carry out these behaviors towards other people?” * Multiple choice answer | |
“How do you feel when you bother others in this way?” * Multiple choice answer |
Model | β Unstandardized | Standard Error | B Standardized | t | p | R² | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 | (Intercept) | −0.130 | 0.081 | −1.599 | 0.112 | 0.069 | |
Lack of control Internet | 0.097 | 0.032 | 0.263 | 3.042 | 0.003 | ||
3 | (Intercept) | −0.174 | 0.088 | −1.982 | 0.050 | 0.081 | |
Lack of control Internet | 0.069 | 0.038 | 0.187 | 1.806 | 0.073 | ||
Escape Internet | 0.049 | 0.038 | 0.134 | 1.295 | 0.198 | ||
2 | (Intercept) | −0.183 | 0.092 | −1.979 | 0.050 | 0.082 | |
Withdrawal Internet | 0.013 | 0.040 | 0.038 | 0.314 | 0.754 | ||
Lack of control Internet | 0.066 | 0.040 | 0.177 | 1.630 | 0.106 | ||
Escape Internet | 0.042 | 0.044 | 0.115 | 0.944 | 0.347 | ||
1 | (Intercept) | −0.191 | 0.114 | −1.685 | 0.095 | 0.082 | |
Abuse internet | 0.005 | 0.039 | 0.015 | 0.129 | 0.897 | ||
Withdrawal Internet | 0.013 | 0.040 | 0.039 | 0.320 | 0.749 | ||
Lack of control Internet | 0.063 | 0.047 | 0.169 | 1.325 | 0.188 | ||
Escape Internet | 0.041 | 0.045 | 0.113 | 0.913 | 0.363 |
Model | β Unstandardized | Standard Error | B Standardized | t | p | R² | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | (Intercept) | −0.170 | 0.067 | −2.561 | 0.012 | 0.148 | |
Lack of control Smartphone | 0.163 | 0.035 | 0.385 | 4.667 | <0.001 | ||
2 | (Intercept) | −0.189 | 0.069 | −2.747 | 0.007 | 0.156 | |
Lack of control Smartphone | 0.120 | 0.053 | 0.284 | 2.262 | 0.025 | ||
Economic Problem smartphone | 0.048 | 0.045 | 0.134 | 1.065 | 0.289 | ||
1 | (Intercept) | −0.202 | 0.074 | −2.743 | 0.007 | 0.158 | |
Lack of control Smartphone | 0.117 | 0.054 | 0.275 | 2.162 | 0.033 | ||
Economic Problem smartphone | 0.037 | 0.050 | 0.102 | 0.728 | 0.468 | ||
Abuse smartphone | 0.018 | 0.034 | 0.057 | 0.510 | 0.611 |
Model | β Unstandardized | Standard Error | B Standardized | t | p | R² | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | (Intercept) | 0.005 | 0.034 | 0.143 | 0.887 | 0.359 | |
Withdrawal video-games | 0.159 | 0.069 | 0.205 | 2.305 | 0.023 | ||
Escape and social problem video-games | 0.410 | 0.080 | 0.455 | 5.108 | <0.001 | ||
1 | (Intercept) | 0.004 | 0.034 | 0.113 | 0.910 | 0.364 | |
Interference in other activities video-games | 0.092 | 0.092 | 0.116 | 1.007 | 0.316 | ||
Withdrawal video-games | 0.147 | 0.070 | 0.190 | 2.102 | 0.038 | ||
Escape and social problem video-games | 0.338 | 0.108 | 0.375 | 3.137 | 0.002 |
Model | β Unstandardized | Standard Error | B Standardized | t | p | R² | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | (Intercept) | −0.364 | 0.146 | −2.490 | 0.014 | 0.099 | |
Lack of control Internet | 0.108 | 0.064 | 0.175 | 1.700 | 0.092 | ||
Escape Internet | 0.111 | 0.063 | 0.181 | 1.761 | 0.081 | ||
2 | (Intercept) | −0.374 | 0.154 | −2.436 | 0.016 | 0.099 | |
Withdrawal Internet | 0.015 | 0.067 | 0.027 | 0.224 | 0.823 | ||
Lack of control Internet | 0.104 | 0.067 | 0.168 | 1.554 | 0.123 | ||
Escape Internet | 0.102 | 0.074 | 0.167 | 1.388 | 0.168 | ||
1 | (Intercept) | −0.379 | 0.189 | −2.011 | 0.047 | 0.099 | |
Abuse internet | 0.003 | 0.065 | 0.006 | 0.050 | 0.960 | ||
Withdrawal Internet | 0.015 | 0.067 | 0.027 | 0.226 | 0.822 | ||
Lack of control Internet | 0.102 | 0.078 | 0.164 | 1.301 | 0.196 | ||
Escape Internet | 0.102 | 0.075 | 0.166 | 1.362 | 0.176 |
Model | β Unstandardized | Standard Error | B Standardized | t | p | R² | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | (Intercept) | −0.309 | 0.112 | −2.768 | 0.006 | 0.146 | |
Lack of control Smartphone | 0.271 | 0.059 | 0.382 | 4.623 | <0.001 | ||
2 | (Intercept) | −0.318 | 0.116 | −2.747 | 0.007 | 0.147 | |
Lack of control Smartphone | 0.251 | 0.090 | 0.353 | 2.794 | 0.006 | ||
Economic Problem smartphone | 0.023 | 0.076 | 0.039 | 0.305 | 0.761 | ||
1 | (Intercept) | −0.316 | 0.124 | −2.544 | 0.012 | 0.147 | |
Lack of control Smartphone | 0.252 | 0.091 | 0.354 | 2.763 | 0.007 | ||
Economic Problem smartphone | 0.025 | 0.085 | 0.042 | 0.296 | 0.768 | ||
Abuse smartphone | −0.003 | 0.058 | −0.006 | −0.054 | 0.957 |
Model | β Unstandardized | Standard Error | B Standardized | t | p | R² | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | (Intercept) | −0.063 | 0.044 | −1.447 | 0.150 | 0.633 | |
Withdrawal video-games | 0.341 | 0.087 | 0.263 | 3.899 | <0.001 | ||
Escape and social problem video-games | 0.926 | 0.102 | 0.612 | 9.088 | <0.001 | ||
1 | (Intercept) | −0.065 | 0.043 | −1.489 | 0.139 | 0.638 | |
Interference in toher activities video-games | 0.152 | 0.116 | 0.113 | 1.307 | 0.194 | ||
Withdrawal video-games | 0.321 | 0.088 | 0.248 | 3.633 | <0.001 | ||
Escape and social problem video-gamesS | 0.807 | 0.136 | 0.534 | 5.923 | <0.001 |
Variable | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Abuse internet | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.494 | 0.127 | −0.032 | 0.054 | 0.192 | 0.025 | 0.000 | −0.370 | 0.482 | −0.236 |
2. Withdrawal Internet | −0.236 | 0.000 | 0.356 | 0.560 | −0.127 | −0.118 | 0.247 | −0.119 | −0.082 | 0.008 | 0.202 | 0.000 |
3. Lack of control Internet | 0.494 | 0.356 | 0.000 | 0.143 | 0.438 | −0.217 | 0.000 | −0.079 | 0.000 | 0.121 | −0.076 | −0.021 |
4. Escape Internet | 0.127 | 0.560 | 0.143 | 0.000 | −0.045 | 0.334 | −0.262 | −0.011 | −0.065 | −0.059 | 0.000 | 0.021 |
5. Lack of control Smartphone | −0.032 | −0.127 | 0.438 | −0.045 | 0.000 | 0.573 | 0.062 | 0.141 | 0.067 | 0.000 | −0.142 | 0.112 |
6. Economic Problem smartphone | 0.054 | −0.118 | −0.217 | 0.334 | 0.573 | 0.000 | 0.445 | 0.000 | −0.045 | 0.000 | −0.013 | 0.151 |
7. Abuse smartphone | 0.192 | 0.247 | 0.000 | −0.262 | 0.062 | 0.445 | 0.000 | 0.156 | 0.131 | 0.064 | −0.371 | 0.292 |
8. Interference in toher activities video-games | 0.025 | −0.119 | −0.079 | −0.011 | 0.141 | 0.000 | 0.156 | 0.000 | 0.094 | 0.556 | 0.160 | −0.042 |
9. Withdrawal video-games | 0.000 | −0.082 | 0.000 | −0.065 | 0.067 | −0.045 | 0.131 | 0.094 | 0.000 | 0.135 | 0.255 | −0.171 |
10. Escape and social problem video-games | −0.370 | 0.008 | 0.121 | −0.059 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.064 | 0.556 | 0.135 | 0.000 | 0.477 | −0.155 |
11. Cyberbully | 0.482 | 0.202 | −0.076 | 0.000 | −0.142 | −0.013 | −0.371 | 0.160 | 0.255 | 0.477 | 0.000 | 0.718 |
12. Cyber-victim | −0.236 | 0.000 | −0.021 | 0.021 | 0.112 | 0.151 | 0.292 | −0.042 | −0.171 | −0.155 | 0.718 | 0.000 |
13. Abuse internet | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.494 | 0.127 | −0.032 | 0.054 | 0.192 | 0.025 | 0.000 | −0.370 | 0.482 | −0.236 |
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Lozano-Blasco, R.; Quilez-Robres, A.; Rodriguez-Araya, R.; Casanovas-López, R. Addiction to New Technologies and Cyberbullying in the Costa Rican Context. Educ. Sci. 2022, 12, 876. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12120876
Lozano-Blasco R, Quilez-Robres A, Rodriguez-Araya R, Casanovas-López R. Addiction to New Technologies and Cyberbullying in the Costa Rican Context. Education Sciences. 2022; 12(12):876. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12120876
Chicago/Turabian StyleLozano-Blasco, Raquel, Alberto Quilez-Robres, Roxana Rodriguez-Araya, and Raquel Casanovas-López. 2022. "Addiction to New Technologies and Cyberbullying in the Costa Rican Context" Education Sciences 12, no. 12: 876. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12120876
APA StyleLozano-Blasco, R., Quilez-Robres, A., Rodriguez-Araya, R., & Casanovas-López, R. (2022). Addiction to New Technologies and Cyberbullying in the Costa Rican Context. Education Sciences, 12(12), 876. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12120876