Research on Cross-Domain Study Curricula in Cyber-Physical Systems: A Case Study of Belarusian and Ukrainian Universities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Cyber-Physical Systems
- the graduates have difficulties dealing with heterogeneous and multidisciplinary problems,
- the graduates have difficulties dealing with safety-critical aspects, security, and resilience,
- the graduates have difficulties cooperating in multi-disciplinary teams.
1.2. The Erasmus+ Project CybPhys
- there are (possibly) political borders;
- there is internal cohesion implying the needs are similar;
- a decent educational system in a region, capable of attracting high technology companies, research institutions, educational institutions, and training opportunities (e.g., provided by universities and colleges), is needed;
- coordinated collaboration between academia, industry, and governments is important since it stimulates the general development of the region.
- The surveys accumulate ideas for the formation of undergraduate and two-years practice-oriented master’s programs with in-depth training in computer modeling of CPS in Belarusian and Ukrainian universities.
- The new educational programs will account for the requirements of research institutes, enterprises, and other employers regarding the qualifications of undergraduate and master-level students.
- The surveys detect the differences in the perceptions among representatives of Belarusian and Ukrainian stakeholders concerning the knowledge for the application of CPS and related modeling tools. All perceptions will be taken into consideration when developing new educational programs.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. The Approach of the Survey
- What are your professional activities (industry, education, research, or other)?
- Do you have previous or current experience with projects on Cyber-Physical Systems?
- Do you have experience in modeling of Cyber-Physical Systems or any other complex engineering systems?
- Describe briefly your experience and skills.
2.2. Analysis for Confidence Intervals of Two Distributions of Ukrainian and Belarusian Survey Results
3. Results
3.1. Analysis of Perception of Belarusian and Ukrainian Employers
3.2. Regional Impact on Perception of Ukrainian Employers
3.3. Evolution of the Perception of Ukrainian Employers
4. Discussions and Conclusions
- Bringing innovations to the market.
- Mathematical modelling of mechatronics systems.
- Model-oriented control in intelligent manufacturing systems.
- Modern mathematical physics: fundamentals and application.
- High-performance scientific computing and data analysis.
- Cyber-Physical Systems modelling and simulation.
- Cyber-Physical Systems for clean transportation.
- Control methods for critical infrastructure and IoT interdependencies analysis.
- Computer modelling of physical processes.
- The questions of the survey form are derived from the experience acquired in the COST Action [35] that focused on the needs and perceptions of EU universities and companies. Probably, the needs of two non-EU countries differ from European ones. Therefore, the recommendations and suggestions expressed by respondents in Belarus and Ukraine will be analyzed and utilized when the post-ante survey of the stakeholders is prepared.
- This research does not aim to present an exhaustive view of all industry branches which deal with CPS in the countries. The research aims to produce a decent contribution to the development of a novel, industry-oriented curriculum adapted to the needs of Belarusian and Ukrainian project stakeholders.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Belarus | Ukraine | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Industry | Names of the Enterprises | No. of Resp. | Industry | Names of the Enterprises | No. of Resp. |
IT and software | Andersen people, Software AG, EPAM Systems, IBA Gomel Park | 10 | IT and software | Institute of Software Systems of NAS of Ukraine, Solty, Astound Commerce Ukraine, Beetroot | 4 |
Electronics | PC Integral, STC Belmicrosystems | 5 | Electronics | State Research Institute for Testing Certification of Arms and Military Equipment, Amateur Radio Association of Ukraine, Chezara, Meredot OÜ, HVD | 5 |
Education and science | Belarusian National Technical University, BSU, | 5 | Education and science | Chernihiv Small Academy of Sciences of student youth, Chernihiv National Technological University, Kharkiv National Automobile University | 8 |
Electrical equipment | Energo Met Systems, Belaruskabel, Mozyr Mechanical Engineering Plant | 3 | Electrical equipment | AHB Elektrik, Elektroyuzmontaz | 4 |
Materials Science | Scientific and Practical Center of the NAS of Belarus for Materials Science | 4 | Transport | Europe-auto, Gal-auto, X-MOTORS, Elcars, Mitsubishi Motors at Kharkiv region, Transport and Communications Department of the Krivoy Rog City Council | 6 |
Research and Development | Institutes of the National Academy of Sciences | 2 | Mining industry | Northern Mining and Processing Plant, Institute of Design for mining enterprises Krivbassproekt | 4 |
Oil industry | Mozyr Oil Refinery, GomelTransoil Druzba, Line operation dispatcher station Mozyr, Republican center for hydrometeorology, control of radioactive contamination | 11 | Metallurgy | Arcelor Mittal Kryvyi Rih, Metinvest Digital LLC, VISTGRUPP-Technical Center, Central Mining and Processing Plant, | 8 |
Energy production | Mozyr Central Heating and Power Plant | 1 | Legal services | Inforce LLC | 1 |
Total: | fig | Total: | 40 |
No. | The Category | Description of the Topic | Scale of Evaluation |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Field of application of Cyber-Physical Systems | Car industry, Building automation, Smart City, Management of production processes, Transport system, Energy production, Robotics, Transfer processes in nano-electronics, Other areas (name which) | 5-point scale |
2 | Design and modeling of Cyber-Physical Systems (statistics systems, modeling tools) | Mechatronics (Liquid, Bio-Systems, Robotics, Gas and hydrodynamics, Other industry). Tools and languages (Purely statistical systems: SPSS, SimaPro). Monte-Carlo. Agents-Based. Industrial design (Matlab/Simulink, Modelica, COMSOL Multiphysics, Visual-CFD, ANSYS,) Other (name which) | 5-point scale |
3 | Software development | Resource-intensive modeling, Interpreted Languages, The development and utilization Domain, Specific Languages (UML, SenML, etc.), Automated test generation, Formal analysis, Convenience and simplicity, Empirical analysis | 5-point scale |
No. | The Topic | Ukraine | Belarus | Differ.% | Differ. Rank | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Mean | SD | Rank | N | Mean | SD | Rank | ||||
1 | Car industry | 40 | 4.4500 | 0.9323 | 4 | 41 | 4.1463 | 0.8533 | 7 | −7.1 | 5 |
2 | Building automation | 40 | 3.4000 | 1.1277 | 8 | 41 | 4.1707 | 0.8917 | 6 | 18.0 | 1 |
3 | Smart City | 40 | 4.6000 | 0.8102 | 3 | 41 | 4.4390 | 0.8674 | 3 | −3.7 | 8 |
4 | Management of production processes | 40 | 4.2750 | 1.0619 | 6 | 41 | 4.5122 | 0.6373 | 2 | 5.5 | 6 |
5 | Transportation systems | 40 | 4.6000 | 0.6325 | 2 | 41 | 4.1707 | 0.8632 | 5 | −10.0 | 3 |
6 | Energy production | 40 | 4.3500 | 0.8022 | 5 | 41 | 4.0488 | 0.8646 | 8 | −7.0 | 4 |
7 | Robotics | 40 | 4.6250 | 0.7742 | 1 | 41 | 4.4634 | 0.6744 | 1 | −3.7 | 7 |
8 | Complex physical systems | 40 | 3.8750 | 1.2234 | 8 | 41 | 4.3500 | 0.7355 | 4 | 11.1 | 2 |
No | The Topic | Ukraine | Belarus | Diff.% | Diff. Rank | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Mean | SD | Rank | N | Mean | SD | Rank | ||||
1 | Purely statistical systems | 23 | 2.6957 | 0.9740 | 9 | 31 | 3.7667 | 0.9353 | 6 | 30.6 | 2 |
2 | SPSS | 26 | 2.3846 | 1.0983 | 11 | 38 | 3.1053 | 0.7637 | 8 | 20.5 | 4 |
3 | SimaPro | 29 | 2.9655 | 1.0171 | 7 | 39 | 2.5128 | 0.9966 | 10 | −12.9 | 7 |
4 | Monte-Carlo | 29 | 2.7586 | 1.2146 | 8 | 41 | 3.9756 | 1.1935 | 4 | 34.7 | 1 |
5 | Agents-Based | 25 | 2.6400 | 1.1136 | 10 | 37 | 2.4324 | 1.0419 | 11 | −5.9 | 9 |
6 | Industrial design | 20 | 3.5455 | 1.0568 | 3 | 30 | 4.0333 | 1.0662 | 3 | 13.9 | 5 |
7 | Matlab/Simulink | 29 | 4.2759 | 1.1306 | 1 | 30 | 4.1842 | 0.7660 | 1 | −2.6 | 11 |
8 | Modelica | 36 | 3.5000 | 1.2536 | 4 | 38 | 3.0789 | 1.0496 | 9 | −12.0 | 8 |
9 | COMSOL Multiphysics | 27 | 3.4444 | 1.1875 | 5 | 38 | 3.9211 | 1.1713 | 5 | 13.6 | 6 |
10 | Visual-CFD | 28 | 3.1071 | 1.2864 | 6 | 38 | 4.1000 | 1.0573 | 2 | 28.3 | 3 |
11 | ANSYS | 34 | 3.5758 | 1.0009 | 2 | 39 | 3.3846 | 1.0161 | 7 | −5.4 | 10 |
No. | The Topic | Ukraine | Belarus | Diff.% | Diff. Rank | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Mean | SD | Rank | N | Mean | SD | Rank | ||||
1 | Resource-intensive modeling | 39 | 4.3333 | 0.8057 | 2 | 39 | 4.1538 | 0.8747 | 2 | 4.5 | 4 |
2 | Interpreted Languages | 38 | 3.6216 | 1.3406 | 6 | 39 | 3.8718 | 0.9782 | 5 | −6.3 | 3 |
3 | The development and utilization of Domain-Specific Languages (UML, SenML, etc.) | 27 | 4.3810 | 0.7400 | 1 | 10 | 4.3750 | 0.5175 | 1 | 0.1 | 7 |
4 | Automated test generation | 39 | 4.0513 | 0.9162 | 4 | 40 | 3.8974 | 0.9946 | 4 | 3.9 | 5 |
5 | Formal analysis | 39 | 3.3846 | 1.2899 | 7 | 39 | 3.8158 | 0.9545 | 7 | −10.8 | 1 |
6 | Convenience and simplicity | 39 | 4.2821 | 0.9162 | 3 | 39 | 3.9211 | 1.1713 | 3 | 9.0 | 2 |
7 | Empirical analysis | 40 | 3.8750 | 0.9920 | 5 | 39 | 3.8421 | 1.1035 | 6 | 0.8 | 6 |
Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University | Chernihiv National Technological University | Diff.% | Diff. Rank | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | The Topic | N | Mean | SD | Rank | N | Mean | SD | Rank | ||
1 | Resource-intensive modeling | 20 | 4.0500 | 0.8870 | 3 | 9 | 4.2222 | 0.6667 | 2 | 4.9 | 6 |
2 | Interpreted Languages | 19 | 2.7895 | 1.2283 | 6 | 8 | 4.2500 | 0.8864 | 1 | 41.7 | 2 |
3 | The development and utilization of Domain-Specific Languages (UML, SenML, etc.) | 12 | 4.4167 | 0.5149 | 1 | 5 | 3.8000 | 1.0954 | 7 | −17.6 | 3 |
4 | Automated test generation | 20 | 3.7000 | 0.7327 | 4 | 9 | 4.2222 | 1.0929 | 3 | 14.9 | 4 |
5 | Formal analysis | 20 | 2.4500 | 0.8256 | 7 | 9 | 4.1111 | 0.9280 | 4 | 47.5 | 1 |
6 | Convenience and simplicity | 20 | 4.1500 | 1.0400 | 2 | 9 | 4.0000 | 0.8660 | 5 | −4.3 | 7 |
7 | Empirical analysis | 20 | 3.4500 | 0.9987 | 5 | 10 | 3.9000 | 0.8756 | 6 | 12.9 | 5 |
No | The Topic | Year 2018 | Year 2020 | Diff.% | Diff. Rank | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Mean | SD | Rank | N | Mean | SD | Rank | ||||
1 | Car industry | 24 | 4.7917 | 0.4149 | 1 | 41 | 4.1463 | 0.8533 | 7 | −9.7 | 6 |
2 | Building automation | 24 | 2.2500 | 1.1132 | 8 | 41 | 4.1707 | 0.8917 | 6 | 32.8 | 2 |
3 | Smart City | 24 | 3.8750 | 1.0759 | 4 | 41 | 4.4390 | 0.8674 | 3 | 20.7 | 4 |
4 | Management of production processes | 24 | 3.4583 | 0.8836 | 6 | 41 | 4.5122 | 0.6373 | 2 | 23.3 | 3 |
5 | Transportation systems | 24 | 4.7083 | 0.5500 | 3 | 41 | 4.1707 | 0.8632 | 5 | −3.1 | 7 |
6 | Energy production | 24 | 3.8333 | 0.8681 | 5 | 41 | 4.0488 | 0.8646 | 8 | 14.7 | 5 |
7 | Robotics | 24 | 4.5417 | 0.6580 | 2 | 41 | 4.4634 | 0.6744 | 1 | 2.3 | 8 |
8 | Complex physical systems | 24 | 2.5000 | 0.8341 | 7 | 41 | 4.3500 | 0.7355 | 4 | 39.2 | 1 |
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Zabasta, A.; Peuteman, J.; Kunicina, N.; Kazymyr, V.; Hvesenya, S.; Hnatov, A.; Paliyeva, T.; Ribickis, L. Research on Cross-Domain Study Curricula in Cyber-Physical Systems: A Case Study of Belarusian and Ukrainian Universities. Educ. Sci. 2020, 10, 282. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10100282
Zabasta A, Peuteman J, Kunicina N, Kazymyr V, Hvesenya S, Hnatov A, Paliyeva T, Ribickis L. Research on Cross-Domain Study Curricula in Cyber-Physical Systems: A Case Study of Belarusian and Ukrainian Universities. Education Sciences. 2020; 10(10):282. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10100282
Chicago/Turabian StyleZabasta, Anatolijs, Joan Peuteman, Nadezda Kunicina, Volodymyr Kazymyr, Sergey Hvesenya, Andrii Hnatov, Tatsiana Paliyeva, and Leonids Ribickis. 2020. "Research on Cross-Domain Study Curricula in Cyber-Physical Systems: A Case Study of Belarusian and Ukrainian Universities" Education Sciences 10, no. 10: 282. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10100282
APA StyleZabasta, A., Peuteman, J., Kunicina, N., Kazymyr, V., Hvesenya, S., Hnatov, A., Paliyeva, T., & Ribickis, L. (2020). Research on Cross-Domain Study Curricula in Cyber-Physical Systems: A Case Study of Belarusian and Ukrainian Universities. Education Sciences, 10(10), 282. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10100282