Relationship between Institutional Factors and FDI Flows in Developing Countries: New Evidence from Dynamic Panel Estimation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Empirical Methodology
4. Data
5. Empirical Results
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix
A1. 113 Developing Countries
A2. Definitions of Variables and Data Sources
Variable | Definition | Source |
FDI_GDP | FDI as a percentage of GDP | World Development Indicators |
GL | Global liquidity indicator that measures as the weighted averages of M2 growth rates of G7 countries | World Development Indicators |
GR | Global Volatility index that measures the implied volatility of S&P 500 index options. | Bank of International Settlements |
GDPGRW | The growth rate of GDP | World Development Indicators |
GDPPC | GDP per capita | World Development Indicators |
EXC | The logarithmic change in the real exchange rate | World Development Indicators |
M2GRW | The rate of growth of M2 | World Development Indicators |
TRADE | The sum of imports and exports as a percentage of GDP | World Development Indicators |
KAOPEN | Chinn–Ito index of capital account openness | Chinn & Ito Database |
NR | Natural resource exports minus net production costs as a percentage of GDP | World Development Indicators |
A3. Definitions of Institutional Factors
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1 | Control variables that affect FDI flows are selected through several studies in the literature on the determinants of FDI such as Fernandez-Arias (1996); Taylor and Sarno (1997); Milesi-Ferretti and Tille (2011); Arbatli (2011); Asiedu (2013); Fratzscher (2012) and Ahmed and Zlate (2014). |
2 |
Variables | Control of Corruption | Government Effectiveness | Political Stability and Absence of Violence | Regulatory Quality | Rule of Law | Voice and Accountability |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FDI (t−1) | 0.479 *** | 0.480 *** | 0.475 *** | 0.479 *** | 0.479 *** | 0.477 *** |
(0.083) | (0.083) | (0.084) | (0.090) | (0.084) | (0.082) | |
GL | −0.109 | −0.110 | −0.090 | −0.086 | −0.098 | −0.120 |
(0.185) | (0.184) | (0.178) | (0.169) | (0.179) | (0.187) | |
GR | −0.629 *** | −0.694 *** | −0.369 * | −0.325 | −0.479 ** | −0.791 *** |
(0.240) | (0.261) | (0.216) | (0.336) | (0.219) | (0.271) | |
Lagged GDPGRW | 0.189 | 0.189 | 0.187 | 0.189 | 0.188 | 0.191 |
(0.180) | (0.180) | (0.179) | (0.183) | (0.180) | (0.190) | |
GDPPC | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
(0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
EXC | −0.087 | −0.127 | −0.109 | −0.193 | −0.079 | −0.182 |
(1.262) | (1.259) | (1.261) | (1.278) | (1.269) | (1.253) | |
M2GRW | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.001 | −0.000 | 0.001 | 0.003 |
(0.016) | (0.016) | (0.016) | (0.017) | (0.017) | (0.015) | |
TRADE | 0.034 *** | 0.034 *** | 0.036 *** | 0.036 *** | 0.035 *** | 0.035 *** |
(0.009) | (0.009) | (0.012) | (0.011) | (0.010) | (0.009) | |
KAOPEN | 0.881 | 0.884 | 1.040 | 1.054 | 0.937 | 0.579 |
(0.897) | (0.899) | (0.945) | (1.229) | (0.958) | (0.879) | |
NR | 0.037 | 0.036 | 0.025 | 0.024 | 0.0314 | 0.040 |
(0.025) | (0.024) | (0.023) | (0.021) | (0.022) | (0.026) | |
Institutions | 3.140 ** | 3.162 ** | 0.204 | −0.074 | 1.431 | 3.131 *** |
(1.454) | (1.574) | (1.741) | (2.777) | (1.706) | (1.153) | |
DUM_0809 | −1.112 * | −1.122 * | −1.211 * | −1.457 ** | −1.180 * | −1.030 * |
(0.642) | (0.661) | (0.663) | (0.736) | (0.648) | (0.622) | |
AR (1) | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
AR (2) | 0.315 | 0.312 | 0.312 | 0.312 | 0.314 | 0.314 |
Hansen Test | 0.139 | 0.133 | 0.124 | 0.107 | 0.131 | 0.132 |
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Kurul, Z.; Yalta, A.Y. Relationship between Institutional Factors and FDI Flows in Developing Countries: New Evidence from Dynamic Panel Estimation. Economies 2017, 5, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies5020017
Kurul Z, Yalta AY. Relationship between Institutional Factors and FDI Flows in Developing Countries: New Evidence from Dynamic Panel Estimation. Economies. 2017; 5(2):17. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies5020017
Chicago/Turabian StyleKurul, Zühal, and A. Yasemin Yalta. 2017. "Relationship between Institutional Factors and FDI Flows in Developing Countries: New Evidence from Dynamic Panel Estimation" Economies 5, no. 2: 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies5020017
APA StyleKurul, Z., & Yalta, A. Y. (2017). Relationship between Institutional Factors and FDI Flows in Developing Countries: New Evidence from Dynamic Panel Estimation. Economies, 5(2), 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies5020017