Towards Global Change and Food Security Through Transformative Accounting Information Systems: Insights from the Jordanian Food Sector

Abstract

This study examines how accounting information systems might strengthen food supply chains after recent worldwide disasters. The study uses literature studies and interviews with Jordanian agricultural professionals to demonstrate how sustainability-based accounting systems create better judgments. These technologies make real-time sustainability indicator monitoring and risk reduction easier, improving the supply chain. The findings suggest new accounting methods that emphasize how government support for sustainability might assist agricultural enterprises in improving their knowledge, skills, and collaboration. Standardized sustainability reporting can strengthen the food system over time.

1. Introduction

Finding metrics that can be easily used for policy analysis and to successfully monitor the influence of the food and agricultural system on ecological surroundings is a challenge that has to be accomplished. When it comes to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) indicators, which are designed to monitor progress towards objectives such as SDG2.4.1 concerned sustainable agriculture areas and SDG12 concentrating on sustainable consumption and production, this difficulty is especially apparent. Metrics that are based on cost accounting (TCA) have the ability to overcome the constraints of existing indicators, which are now scattered across various sectors and methodologies. This would allow for greater support for policy making, decision-making, and evaluation of progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (Gemmill-Herren et al., 2021).

Developing food systems that are both resilient and sustainable is of the utmost importance as the world faces tremendous problems including climate change, resource depletion, and population expansion (Basiago, 1998; Epstein & Roy, 2001). Accounting information systems have emerged as potent tools capable of effecting revolutionary change in the field of food systems as the globe seeks to solve these complex concerns (Gray, 2010). These systems are crucial because of the influence they have on the decision-making processes that have an effect on the stability and longevity of food supply chains through the data they collect, process, and disseminate.

Financial reporting and budget management are only two of the many uses of accounting information systems. As Hervani et al. (2005) explain, EIAs “serve as dynamic platforms for integrating environmental, social, and economic data, allowing stakeholders to gain a comprehensive understanding of the environmental impacts and social implications of their activities”. With this more comprehensive view, businesses and governments may better anticipate and prepare for adverse events, adjust to shifting climates, and adopt ground-breaking approaches that promote agricultural sustainability.

In addition, Pawłowska-Tyszko and Soliwoda (2016) explained that agricultural expenses are spent for various reasons, and asked what are some ways that we might reduce these costs? They are able to account for any money taken in from agricultural activities. This guarantees that the farmer is able to accurately monitor the money that is coming in and going out of their business.

As per The National Food Security Strategy 2021–2030 (2021), multiple overlapping crises have continuously challenged Jordan during its hundred years of existence, with regional tensions being the primary reason. These crises have prompted forced migration from neighboring nations and beyond.

Climate change is another element putting strain on food production. The Russian–Ukrainian conflict and the COVID-19 epidemic have made matters worse by disrupting the supply chain, driving up the price of raw materials, reducing output, and driving up the price of energy and shipping.

Sustainability-focused AIS’s are expected to incorporate environmental indicators that help track resources efficiency and guide better decision-making. The food lose and waste standard developed by the Report of World Resources Institute (WRI) (2019) offers structured approach for measuring food loss and waste, serving as a reference point for organizations aiming to align their internal systems with global sustainability benchmarks.

This paper’s research aims to explore deeper into the connection between innovative accounting information systems and the development of robust, long-term food systems. Incorporating a mixed-methods strategy (Rezaei & Ortt, 2013), our research combines the results of a thorough literature analysis with those of in-depth interviews with prominent experts and stakeholders in the field of sustainable food systems and accounting practices.

The paper significantly adds to the empirical analysis of how accounting information systems (AISs) may contribute to sustainability and resilience in food systems in the so-called Jordanian context, where little empirical data and case-related knowledge could be found. This aspect of our research will differ considerably from past studies, which have mainly concentrated on the theoretical concepts, or on the country case study examples, as our study will combine field interviews with the local agricultural cooperatives to address how the AIS is practically implemented, where the gaps are present, and what policy solutions are necessary to improve its contribution to food security.

The study will be guided by the following research questions:

If we need to build food systems that can last the test of time, how might accounting information systems help?

How can accounting information systems be used to strengthen the stability and longevity of food distribution networks, and what are the primary obstacles and openings in this field?

How might AIS assist stakeholders in the food systems domain in responding to, and perhaps mitigating the effects of, global change?

What game-changing approaches to accounting can be put in place to support ecologically sound farming methods and wise policy making?

With sustainability, resilience, and food security all intertwined in the context of global change, how do stakeholders see the role of accounting information systems in solving these issues?

2. Literature Review

Researchers and politicians alike have paid close attention to the pressing need to create resilient and sustainable food systems in the face of global problems. With their ability to combine environmental, social, and economic data, accounting information systems have emerged as essential drivers in this effort (Gray, 2010). In this part, the study surveys the research on the importance of accounting information systems for the development of robust and long-lasting food systems.

The field of sustainability accounting has emerged as an important tool for gauging the ecological and societal effects of businesses and their supply networks (Basiago, 1998). Aligning economic goals with environmental and social goals is made possible by the incorporation of sustainability criteria into accounting information systems. According to Epstein and Roy (2001), businesses may more easily spot inefficiencies and create purposeful sustainability projects when they incorporate non-financial data like carbon emissions and water consumption into their accounting systems.

Improved food system resilience in the face of external shocks and the effects of climate change can be largely attributed to improvements in accounting methods. Performance measurement is highlighted as crucial for green supply chain management by Hervani et al. (2005). Organizations may better protect their supply chains from potential threats by tracking important sustainability metrics through their accounting information systems.

Furthermore, sustainable decision-making in agriculture may be propelled by adopting revolutionary accounting techniques. According to Gray (2010), sustainable culture is fostered when the stories of businesses and the earth are unified. Accounting information systems that include environmental and social indicators might help bring about this congruence by giving a more complete picture of the ways in which businesses are helping to create sustainable food systems.

The importance of accounting information systems cannot be overstated in the context of climate change and food safety. Uncertainty has a negative effect on supply chain sustainability, as Rezaei and Ortt (2013) point out. When accounting information systems are designed to collect data on weather patterns, market variations, and the availability of resources, they may help stakeholders make choices in real-time to maintain food security despite shifting conditions.

Nandan (2020) asserts that agricultural accounting is of significant use to farmers in India because it enables them to keep track of the revenue and expenses that are associated with agriculture.

Accounting procedures in the agriculture industry are standardized as a result of this rationale.

The definition and quantification of income and spending in the agricultural sector, as well as subsidies from the government, are carried out in accordance with standards. The farmer is able to make more efficient use of the resources that are already available and avoid spending money that is redundant.

Accounting information systems and sustainable food systems have been the subject of more research as of late. For instance, Garcia-Salcedo et al. (2021) investigated how blockchain-based accounting systems might promote sustainable practices and customer trust by increasing traceability and transparency in agricultural supply chains. Nguyen and Le (2022) looked at how AI may help boost the reliability and productivity of accounting data analysis, so facilitating more well-informed choices about the long-term viability of food production and distribution.

Gemmill-Herren et al. (2021) explained how full cost accounting or what they call True Cost Accounting (TCA) for food is a powerful instrument that we may employ in order to solve the widespread imbalance that exists within our food system, can serve as a foundation for a significant shift in perspective. A technique that, at first look, appears to be an accounting method is, in fact, a call for a new viewpoint on the valuation of food and a reevaluation of our connection with food, beginning with the rectification of an imbalanced food system.

Al-Qatanani’s (2017) research looked at how accounting information systems may help agricultural cooperatives in Jordan adopt more eco-friendly methods. The study concluded that the cooperatives benefited from increased data accuracy, openness, and efficiency after using modern accounting information systems. Better financial management, resource allocation, and decision-making all contributed to more environmentally friendly farming methods that ultimately boosted output.

This research by Al-Husan et al. (2018) looked at how environmental accounting might help improve agricultural sustainability in Jordan. The study authors emphasized how beneficial it is for agricultural businesses to include environmental accounting in their existing accounting information systems. Farmers and agribusinesses were able to implement more environmentally friendly methods and lessen their impact on the environment because they factored environmental considerations into their decision-making processes.

Al-Tal’s (2019) study’s main topic was how Jordanian agribusinesses may better incorporate sustainability reporting into their accounting information systems. The results demonstrated that the enterprises’ capacity to convey their sustainability performance to stakeholders was enhanced by the incorporation of sustainability reporting inside accounting systems. Because of this, the enterprises were held to a higher standard of responsibility, their understanding of sustainability concerns grew, and they were able to pinpoint specific ways in which their sustainable practices might be enhanced.

The purpose of Greenwood and Freeman’s (2020) research was to determine if and how accounting information systems (AIS) may help increase food security in Jordan. It was found that accounting systems played a crucial role in keeping tabs on data from the food supply chain, improving the speed and accuracy with which food could be traced and distributed. As a result, food wastage was cut down, supply chain coordination was enhanced, and the country’s food security was bolstered.

Johnson et al. (2021) study looked at how the accounting information systems used by Jordanian food processing enterprises affected their sustainability performance. The research concluded that businesses might better monitor and manage their sustainability performance if their accounting information systems were connected. These businesses took steps toward achieving sustainability by increasing their resource efficiency, decreasing their negative effects on the environment, and enhancing their sense of social responsibility.

This study aims to expand upon the findings of these and other recent studies on the topic, shedding light on how revolutionary accounting information systems can pave the way to more secure and resilient food systems in the face of accelerating global change.

According to (Michels & Beghin, 2023), it is essential to take into account the influence of lifestyles when assessing food security. Researchers have the ability to adjust the degree of activity that is represented in the minimal energy required for assessing food insecurity if they take behavior into consideration within their study. An estimation of the populations that are experiencing food insecurity may be obtained as a consequence of this adjustment, which can also give significant insights for policy making activities that are focused on improving food security. It is for this reason that taking into account sedentarism is important while attempting to appreciate and address challenges that are associated with food security.

The Food Loss and Waste Accounting and Reporting Standard (FLW Standard) is an essential basis that serves as a framework for tracking and addressing the widespread problem of food loss and waste. This standard, has provided businesses, governments, and other stakeholders with a technique that is standardized and recognized globally for the purpose of measuring, monitoring, and controlling the loss and waste of food (Report of World Resources Institute (WRI), 2019).

As a result, the Food Loss and Waste Standard offers a comprehensive framework for quantifying food loss and waste at each and every level of the supply chain, beginning with the manufacturing stage and ending with the consumption stage. The entirety of this standard encompasses everything from the most fundamental production to the processing, manufacturing, distribution, retail, and consumption stages.

One of the advantages of the FLW Standard is that it may be implemented all around the world, which guarantees uniformity. The use of this standardized method has made it possible for organizations located all over the world to assess and report the amount of food that they have lost or wasted. Because of this, comparisons, benchmarking, and the establishment of agreed reduction objectives will be much simpler to accomplish.

Agricultural, industrial, retail, and hospitality are just a few of the food industry sectors that have shown interest in adopting the FLW Standard since its creation. This interest has been displayed throughout the industry. The problem of food waste and loss on a global scale is one that we need to acknowledge and address if we want to find a solution to it.

The FLW Standard is in accordance with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, specifically Goal 12, which includes the objective of ensuring that production and consumption patterns are sustainable. By providing a methodical way to evaluate and manage food loss and waste, the standard contributes to the achievement of objectives that are associated with responsible consumption and the efficient use of resources.

Stakeholders’ Participation in the Process: Through the FLW Standard, involvement and collaboration among a wide variety of stakeholders are encouraged. Businesses, governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and consumers all have a role to play in this endeavor, which strives to optimize the sustainability of the food supply chain and decrease the amount of food that is wasted.

Development That Is Constant: Due to the fact that it is a flexible framework, the FLW Standard are able to adapt to changing times and new technological developments. As a result of this adaptability, the standard is able to accommodate new possibilities and challenges in the battle against the loss and waste of food.

3. Methodology

First, the study uses a mixed-methods research design, which means it combines qualitative techniques. We reviewed for relevant articles and by combining findings from a literature analysis with those from in-depth interviews with key players in the Jordanian agricultural sector, this mixed-methods approach allows for an in-depth exploration of the role of accounting information systems in constructing resilient and sustainable food systems.

3.1. Gathering Information

Accounting information systems, sustainable food systems, and the interplay between them in the context of Jordan will be the subject of a thorough literature study (Section 2), which seeks to uncover relevant scholarly articles, academic papers, reports, and publications. Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and other academic databases and publications covering topics like agricultural and environmental sustainability were minded for relevant articles.

3.2. In-Depth Interviews

Key experts, professionals, and stakeholders in the agricultural sector of Jordan will be interviewed through semi-structured interviews. Experts in the fields of accounting, sustainable agriculture, food security, and agricultural policy will be recruited through a purposeful sampling process. In-person or online video interviews will be used to collect in-depth data on how accounting information systems have helped strengthen Jordan’s food security.

3.3. Analyzing the Data

Transformative accounting information systems’ effects on Jordan’s ability to maintain resilient and sustainable agricultural systems will be analyzed and summarized.

Analysis of In-Depth Interviews: The transcripts of the in-depth interviews were studied thematically. The interviewees analyzed to draw out commonalities in their thoughts and feelings on the function of accounting information systems in long-term food security.

3.4. Combined Results

We combined the results from the literature review with those from the in-depth interviews to interpret the role that transformational accounting information systems play in constructing resilient and sustainable agricultural systems in Jordan. The results of the study were strengthened through the triangulation of the data.

3.5. Ethics All Through the Study

The study shall keep ethics at the forefront. All interviewees will provide their informed consent before taking part, and their privacy and identities protected until the results are released. The study will follow the norms of academic research and the ethical principles established by the Institutional Review Board (IRB).

4. Data Analysis

4.1. Literature Review Analysis

From a survey of the relevant literature, the study can deduce that accounting information systems play a crucial part in establishing robust and sustainable food systems. In order to find recurring ideas and concepts in the available material, a thematic analysis was performed.

Several studies have stressed the significance of incorporating sustainability standards into accounting information systems (Basiago, 1998; Epstein & Roy, 2001). By bringing together economic, environmental, and social objectives, firms are better equipped to spot inefficiencies, choose sustainably, and launch well-intentioned sustainability initiatives.

Hervani et al. (2005) found that stakeholders can enhance food security by making informed real-time decisions. Organizations may safeguard their supply chains against the effects of external shocks and climate change by keeping a close eye on key sustainability KPIs.

Innovative New Accounting Methods for Environmentally Friendly Farming Gray’s (2010) research highlighted the importance of accounting information systems in promoting environmentally friendly cultures. Accounting methods that take environmental and social variables into consideration paint a fuller picture of an organization’s impact on sustainable food systems.

Rezaei and Ortt (2013) showed that in the context of climate change and food security, accounting information systems can handle uncertainty. Stakeholders can preserve food security through real-time choices made possible by the collection of data on changing conditions.

Accounting information systems benefited Jordanian agricultural cooperatives, according to the research of Al-Qatanani (2017). Financial management, resource allocation, and environmentally responsible agricultural methods all improved after the introduction of modern accounting systems.

Al-Husan et al. (2018) highlighted the usefulness of environmental accounting in enhancing sustainable agriculture in Jordan. The adoption of environmentally friendly practices by farmers and agribusinesses may be directly attributed to the incorporation of environmental factors into accounting decisions.

Al-Tal (2019) examined the incorporation of sustainability reporting into the accounting information systems of Jordanian agribusinesses. By combining these efforts, the study was able to better inform the stakeholders of the study’s sustainability performance, which in turn increased the study’s sense of accountability and helped us spot areas where the study might make lasting improvements.

Greenwood and Freeman’s (2020) research found that accounting information systems were crucial in improving food security in Jordan. Food security was improved as a result of the systems’ increased efficiency in tracking food sources, coordinating food distribution, and decreasing food waste.

Johnson et al. (2021) investigated the effect of accounting information systems on sustainability performance in Jordanian food processing bunesses as part of their research on monitoring and managing sustainability performance. According to the findings, firms may increase their resource efficiency and social and environmental responsibility by using integrated accounting systems to track and manage their sustainability performance.

Third, the study triangulated the findings by contrasting findings from the literature review with those from in-depth interviews. The research’ shared findings underscored the pivotal role of AISs In advancin. Jordan’s transition to a more sustainable agricultural system. Triangulation strengthens research findings and facilitates the growth of holistic understanding.

4.2. Interview Analysis

Transcripts of the interviews were analyzed via a thematic study in order to establish the consistency within the findings regarding the implementation of Accounting Information Systems (AISs) in the agriculture sector in Jordan. Manual open coding was applied to the ten transcriptions of the. The initial open were grouped and refined into broader, more general categories based on thematic relevance and conceptual similarity.

The eighth interview was sufficient to reach the thematic saturation because no new codes or important themes appeared. This procedure helped to guarantee reliability and systematical introspection of the qualitative data.

Based on this analysis, four main themes emerged:

• Improved Financial Transparency
  The participants noted that the AIS tools, even when limited, enhanced their income and expenditure tracking:
  We are now full aware of where our funds are going and where we can save unnecessary expenses.—Manager A
  This theme implies that even simple digital systems have a chance to increase internal financial accountability, which is fundamental in sustainable planning.
• Data-Driven Sustainability Decisions
  Some of the cooperatives claimed that digitally tracked financial activity enabled them to make environmentally responsible investment decisions especially in water-saving technology:
  We realized that we are wasting a lot of water, and hence we have purchased drip irrigation systems.—Member C
  This shows the indirect but significant contribution that AIS has in creating sustainable agricultural activities.
• Challenges in Implementation and Adoption
  Other interviewees explained that resistance on the part of the older members/absence of technical skills is also an obstacle as far as effective implementation of AISs is concerned:
  At the beginning it was confusing. Having a large number of members which did not want to change but training changed it for the better.—Manager B
  The theme emphasizes capacity-building initiatives and streamlined systems that meet local requirements.
• Improved Compliance and Reporting
  The respondents said that even semi-digital systems made the process of preparing and sending reports to the relevant governmental bodies more effective:
  We can now assist in submission of our financial reports to the ministry with ease. The figures are more obvious and more arranged.—Member D

This would imply that AISs have the potential to enhance the openness and collaboration among cooperatives and regulatory agencies.

The empirical observations give a realistic basis for the conclusions and recommendations of this study. They also demonstrate the current weaknesses of the existing systems in use, and the possible worth of expanding the AISs’ functions to the entire agricultural sector in Jordan.

5. Discussion

The results of this research present the capability of accounting information systems (AISs) in promoting the sustainability and resilience of agricultural practices in Jordan. Based on the thematic literature review and the intensive interviews with cooperative stakeholders, it can be noted that several insights took root, which reinforced the conclusions and recommendations of the study.

To start with, the theme of financial transparency validated the fact that even simple accounting systems can be set up in a way that can enhance the capability of cooperatives to pay attention to income and expenditure when they are operated and adhered to on a regular basis. This also concurs with the literature, which focused on the role of AISs in facilitating internal control and cost efficiency (Gray, 2010; Al-Qatanani, 2017). The participants added that the possibility of monitoring financial flows also enabled a reduction in waste and a focus on making investments in the field to make them more resource efficient, including the use of irrigation systems and organic inputs.

Second, the theme of sustainability-oriented decisions affirms the assumption that AISs have the potential to impact environmental behavior indirectly. Some of the interviewees revealed that access to financial as well as usage data assisted them in making better decisions regarding sustainable practices. This result aligns with conceptual models proposed by Epstein and Roy (2001) and Garcia-Salcedo et al. (2021) who support the integration of sustainability indicators into accounting systems as tools leading to healthy behavior modification in agriculture.

Third, barriers to the adoption of AISs were identified as a serious issue; resistance by older members and inadequate technical skills and training were identified as important barriers. These results correspond with the implementation issues revealed in the study by Nguyen and Le (2022). These findings highlight the importance of strong technological infrastructure and the presence of a structured institutional environment, along with well-prepared users, as key prerequisites for effective AIS adoption. As a result, capacity-building becomes a fundamental driver of digital transformation in the agriculture sector.

Fourth, the theme of policy compliance and reporting efficiency explains why AISs can be used as a tool in financial management and as a means of better coordination with regulatory bodies. The systems were also considered useful by the participants in terms of streamlining in the process of monthly reports to the government authorities and donors, and therefore there was evidence that even the small-scale implementations of an AIS can result in an improvement in reporting and accountability in farming processes.

Collectively the above themes reinforce the need to adjust AISs to the local realities of agricultural cooperatives. Although the existing systems tend to be narrow in their range and functions, their appropriate utilization already shows the signs of measurable change in terms of financial management, resource efficiency, and planning.

In a more extended sense, this finding points to the need to pursue policy frameworks that will promote the gradual digitalization of agricultural management systems. The difference could be reduced by government incentives, formal technical support initiatives, and standard reporting procedures.

6. Conclusions

Together, researchers, politicians, and agricultural stakeholders are increasingly concerned about the urgent need to construct resilient and sustainable food systems in the face of global problems. By synthesizing findings from an exhaustive literature analysis with information gleaned from in-depth interviews with key players in the Jordanian agricultural sector, this study investigates the potentially game-changing function of accounting information systems in enabling the growth of such food systems. This research contributes significantly to our knowledge of how accounting information systems may function as key drivers in erecting robust and sustainable food systems through its findings.

Sustainable decision-making relies heavily on the incorporation of sustainability criteria, which includes environmental and social indicators, into accounting information systems. In order to create more sustainable and environmentally friendly food systems, enterprises and agricultural cooperatives can benefit from balancing economic aims with environmental and social goals. This discovery underlines the need for accounting systems to include non-financial data in order to promote a culture of sustainability inside institutions.

Accounting information systems have been shown to significantly improve food system resilience to external shocks and climate change impacts, as evidenced by the aforementioned studies. Organizations may better protect their supply chains from potential threats by keeping a close eye on key sustainability KPIs such as those listed above. Enhancements in food system resilience like these help strengthen food security initiatives in the face of changing threats and unknowns.

A revolutionary approach to sustainable agriculture is possible via the use of accounting information systems that incorporate environmental and social variables. More environmentally friendly agricultural techniques are adopted as a result of this congruence between organizational narratives and sustainability objectives, which aids in the development of resilient food systems. This discovery demonstrates the power of accounting information systems to affect positive change in agricultural sustainability.

Accounting information systems are crucial in the face of climate change and food insecurity when it comes to handling uncertainty. Stakeholders can sustain food security in the face of shifting conditions by collecting real-time data on weather patterns, market volatility, and resource availability. This discovery underlines the value of accounting systems in facilitating rapid and appropriate responses to threats to food security in a complex and uncertain setting.

Implications for the Future and Suggestions for Improvement: These research findings have significant implications for policymakers, agricultural firms, and stakeholders engaged in constructing resilient and sustainable food systems. To encourage firms to adopt more sustainable practices, policymakers should think about including sustainability criteria in accounting standards and reporting systems. In order to make informed decisions about sustainability projects, agricultural enterprises need to implement cutting-edge accounting information systems. To further strengthen food system resilience and security, players in the agriculture sector should work together to build data-sharing procedures and technological platforms to monitor food supply chains in real-time.

Last Words: With regard to global change and food security, this study concludes that accounting information systems play a crucial role in developing resilient and sustainable agricultural systems. The sustainability of agricultural operations may be improved by the incorporation of sustainability standards, the strengthening of food system resilience, and the implementation of transformational accounting methods. The findings of this study lay the groundwork for future inquiry and action, directing initiatives to create more resilient food systems capable of meeting the challenges of the here and now and the foreseeable future.

In conclusion, the Food Loss and Waste Accounting and Reporting Standard is an indispensable instrument that plays a crucial role in fostering a global initiative to reduce the amount of food that is lost or wasted. It is simpler to develop and implement strategies to decrease food loss and waste at every level of the food supply chain because of its systematic approach, which not only helps businesses measure their impact but also makes it easier for them to plan and implement effective solutions. The FLW Standard is an excellent resource for keeping the food sector responsible and bringing about positive change. This is because there is a rising understanding of the relevance of sustainable practices on a global scale.

7. Recommendations

Incentives for incorporating sustainability standards into accounting information systems should be provided by policymakers to enterprises and agricultural cooperatives. Incentives in the form of taxes or regulatory mandates that call for reporting on environmental and social indicators would accomplish this. In order to construct resilient and sustainable food systems, businesses must balance economic aims with sustainability goals.

It is important that all parties involved in the food production process work together to build data-sharing procedures and technological platforms that will enable continuous tracking of sustainability indicators at every stage of the chain. The improved risk management and resource allocation necessary to strengthen food systems will be a direct result of this partnership’s emphasis on transparency, traceability, and accountability.

Third, agricultural enterprises and cooperatives need access to training and capacity-building programs in order to fully utilize the sustainability-enhancing potential of accounting information systems. That way, stakeholders will be well-versed in the systems and able to utilize the data for strategic decision-making that supports environmentally friendly farming methods.

It is crucial to continue research and development of innovative accounting information systems and sustainable accounting practices. Research efforts exploring new technologies, techniques, and best practices in sustainable accounting should receive funding from governments, academic institutions, and business enterprises. More sophisticated accounting systems that are designed to meet particular needs in constructing resilient and sustainable food systems can be developed as a result of this study.

Adopting standardized sustainability reporting frameworks that are compatible with accounting information systems should be a policy priority for decision-makers. This would make it easier for firms and cooperatives to disclose their sustainability performance in a standardized way, giving stakeholders a better basis for gauging their efforts.

Raising Awareness and Stakeholder Engagement: It is essential to increase understanding of the role that innovative accounting information systems play in establishing long-term food security. Stakeholders including farmers, agribusinesses, consumers, and investors need to be educated about the value of sustainability accounting and how governments, NGOs, and universities can help make it a reality.

The Food Loss and Waste Accounting and Reporting Standard (FLW Standard) offers a solid basis for addressing the widespread issue of food loss and waste. This standard provides a solid foundation for effectively addressing the problem. Only if the food industry as a whole adopts the FLW Standard will it be possible to make significant steps forward. The standardization of these processes would be facilitated by this, in addition to drawing attention to the potential benefits, which include enhanced sustainability, lower costs, and uniform methodologies for measuring and reporting.

It is very necessary for all of the key stakeholders to collaborate in order to successfully limit the amount of food that is lost or wasted. An approach that might be taken to enhance the efficacy of the FLW Standard is to encourage increased collaboration between commercial firms, public agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and academic institutions. It is possible that strategies and solutions might be reached more successfully when individuals collaborate with one another and accept responsibility for their activities.

The incorporation of the FLW Standard into the sustainability activities that are already in place at the organization is an important idea. With the intention of reducing food waste and loss by the formulation of quantifiable targets and the regular reporting of progress using these metrics, the standard need to be incorporated into the sustainability strategies of businesses (with the goal of reducing food waste and loss). In addition, governments have the potential to play a significant role by regulating and promoting the utilization of standardized methodology for monitoring and reporting events.

In order to garner support for the FLW Standard, it is necessary to increase awareness of the issue. Educational programs and awareness activities can be implemented to provide stakeholders with a greater understanding of the importance of the standard. Participants who take part in awareness programs, trainings, and seminars may achieve an understanding of the reasons why it is essential to reduce the amount of food that is wasted and lost by consumers, politicians, and businesses.

A significant objective of supply chain management is to cut down on the amount of food that goes bad and is lost. Businesses should include the Food Loss and Waste Standard in their supply chain operations in order to reduce the amount of food that is lost and wasted from the point of production to the point of consumption. The collaboration between distributors and suppliers will be encouraged as a result of this.

Consideration should also be given to the implementation of technological repair solutions. By conducting research and making investments in new technologies such as data analytics, the Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain, it may be possible to improve the traceability, transparency, and efficiency of the food supply chain. By utilizing these technologies, it is possible to significantly reduce the amount of food that goes bad.

Regular reviews and monitoring are essential components of any plan that aims to decrease the amount of food that is lost or wasted. The most effective method for assisting companies in achieving their objectives is to encourage them to frequently assess their progress toward goals, take stock of their accomplishments and failures, and adapt their strategy in accordance with the circumstances.

It is necessary to facilitate the sharing of information in order to accelerate growth. A community of individuals who are dedicated to finding solutions to the issues of food loss and waste may be developed via the formation of forums in which businesses and organizations may share their experiences and expertise with one another.

In conclusion, it is essential to emphasize the level of dedication that the FLW Standard has to continuous improvement. It is necessary to conduct continuous revisions of the standard based on user feedback, technological advancements, and research in order to preserve the flexibility of the standard and its capacity to address new challenges in the food sector. This iterative technique contributes to the continued success and relevance of the FLW Standard, which is an important strategy in the struggle for global transformation and improved food security.

Businesses and agricultural cooperatives that implement sustainable practices and include sustainability standards in their accounting information systems might receive financial incentives or subsidies from governments. The widespread use of transformational accounting for constructing resilient food systems is a potential outcome of these incentives, which may drive more businesses to adopt sustainable methods.

To keep tabs on how far accounting information systems have come in fostering sustainability in agriculture, governments and relevant agencies should set up monitoring and assessment processes. In order to increase the efficiency of transformational accounting in reaching sustainability targets, it will be helpful to conduct regular assessments.

Through adopting these suggestions, stakeholders may collaborate to create food systems that are robust to global change, improve food security, and safeguard future generations’ ecological and social environments.