Digital Progression and Economic Growth: Analyzing the Impact of ICT Advancements on the GDP of European Union Countries
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Conceptual Model and Hypothesis Analysis
3.1. Connectivity
3.2. Integration of Digital Technology
3.3. Human Capital
3.4. e-Government
4. Methodology
5. Results
5.1. Assessment of the Measurement Model
5.2. Structural Model
5.2.1. Hypothesis Testing
5.2.2. Quality Criteria
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
INDEXES | Links |
---|---|
DESI | |
Entire dataset including all indicators for DESI 2022 | https://digital-decade-desi.digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/api/v1/chart-groups/desi-2022/facts/, accessed on 27 February 2023 |
List of DESI 2022 indicators | https://digital-decade-desi.digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/datasets/desi-2022/indicators accessed on 27 February 2023 |
DESI 2022 Methodological note | https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/88557 accessed on 27 February 2023 |
OECD | |
GDPM-COUSD | https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/data/aggregate-national-accounts/gross-domestic-product_data-00001-en accessed on 27 April 2023 Data set available on this link with results filtered based on requirements. Dataset available for download. |
GDPM-CUER | https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/data/aggregate-national-accounts/gross-domestic-product_data-00001-en accessed on 27 April 2023 Data set available on this link with results filtered based on requirements. Dataset available for download. |
GDPM-CUSD | https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/data/aggregate-national-accounts/gross-domestic-product_data-00001-en accessed on 27 April 2023 Data set available on this link with results filtered based on requirements. Dataset available for download. |
Eurostat | |
Real GDP per capita | https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sdg_08_10/default/table?lang=en accessed on 27 April 2023 |
Labour Force Survey | https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/TIPSLM16/default/table Employment vs GDP accessed on 27 April 2023 |
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Construct | Subcategory I | Subcategory II | Indicators | Abbreviations |
---|---|---|---|---|
ICT | Connectivity | Broadband price | Broadband price index | BPI |
Fixed broadband coverage | Fixed very high capacity network coverage | VHCN | ||
Fixed broadband set up | At least 100 Mbps fixed BB take-up | AL | ||
Integration of Digital Technology | Digital technologies for business | Electronic information sharing | EIS | |
Cloud | CL | |||
Artificial intelligence | AI | |||
e-invoices | EINV | |||
e-commerce | SMEs selling online | SMO | ||
e-commerce turnover | EC | |||
Selling online cross-border | SOC | |||
Human Capital | Internet user skills | At least basic digital content creation skills | DCS | |
Advanced skills | Female ICT specialists | FS | ||
Enterprises providing ICT training | EPT | |||
ICT graduates | GR | |||
e-government | - | e-government users | EGU | |
- | Digital public services for citizens | DP |
Construct | Subcategory I | Indicators | Abbreviations |
---|---|---|---|
Economic Growth (EG) | Gross Domestic Product | GDP current per head vs. Employment in Millions of Euros | GDPM_CUER |
GDP current per head vs. Employment in Millions of US Dollars | GDPM_CUSD | ||
GDP constant per head vs. Employment in Millions of US Dollars | GDPM_COUSD |
Construct | Items | Loading | Alpha | CR | AVE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
>0.704 | >0.7 | >0.7 | >0.5 | ||
ICT | AI | 0.758 | 0.876 | 0.91 | 0.671 |
DCS | 0.891 | ||||
DP | 0.760 | ||||
EGU | 0.844 | ||||
EPT | 0.834 | ||||
GDP | GDPM_CUER | 0.996 | 0.992 | 0.996 | 0.992 |
GDPM_CUSD | 0.996 |
Constructs | 1 | 2 |
---|---|---|
1. Gross Domestic Product | 0.996 | |
2. Information and Communication Technology | 0.361 | 0.819 |
Hypothesis | Direct | Std. | Std. | T | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Relationships | Beta | Error | Values | Values | |
H1 | ICT → GDP | 0.361 | 0.183 | 1.977 | * |
Latent Variables | R2 | R2Adj | Q2 | F2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
GDP | 0.131 | 0.096 | 0.078 | |
ICT → GDP | 0.150 |
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Magoutas, A.I.; Chaideftou, M.; Skandali, D.; Chountalas, P.T. Digital Progression and Economic Growth: Analyzing the Impact of ICT Advancements on the GDP of European Union Countries. Economies 2024, 12, 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12030063
Magoutas AI, Chaideftou M, Skandali D, Chountalas PT. Digital Progression and Economic Growth: Analyzing the Impact of ICT Advancements on the GDP of European Union Countries. Economies. 2024; 12(3):63. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12030063
Chicago/Turabian StyleMagoutas, Anastasios I., Maria Chaideftou, Dimitra Skandali, and Panos T. Chountalas. 2024. "Digital Progression and Economic Growth: Analyzing the Impact of ICT Advancements on the GDP of European Union Countries" Economies 12, no. 3: 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12030063