Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises’ Readiness for Digital Transformation in Indonesia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background and Hypothesis Development
2.1. A Brief Review on MSME Digitalization Strategy
2.2. Knowledge Transfer from University to MSMEs
2.3. Hypotheses Development: Drivers and Barriers for MSMEs IR4 Readiness
3. Methodology
3.1. Population, Sampling Method, and Technique of Data Collection
3.2. Variable Measurements
3.3. Validity and Reliability Testing
3.4. Technique of Data Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Respondent and Business Profile
4.2. Validity and Reliability Analysis
4.3. Descriptive Statistic
4.4. Hypothesis Testing
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dimension | Categories | Number of Respondents | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 46 | 45.54 |
Female | 55 | 54.46 | |
Status | Owner | 80 | 79.21 |
Commissioner | 1 | 0.99 | |
Manager | 7 | 6.93 | |
Staff | 13 | 12.87 | |
Company age | 5–10 years | 60 | 59.41 |
10–20 years | 24 | 23.76 | |
20–30 years | 6 | 5.95 | |
More than 30 years | 11 | 10.88 | |
Type of business (Producing and/or marketing) | Textiles, clothing, leather | 15 | 14,85 |
Wood, bamboo, rattan, handicrafts, furniture | 20 | 19.80 | |
Food and beverages | 31 | 30.69 | |
Chemical, oil, coal, rubber, and plastics industries | 8 | 7.92 | |
Non-metal goods, minerals | 2 | 1.98 | |
Metal goods, machinery, automotives, electronics, and computers | 15 | 14.85 | |
Private education and consultancy | 6 | 5.95 | |
Logistics | 4 | 3.96 | |
Number of permanent workers | <5 workers | 66 | 65.35 |
5–19 workers | 20 | 19.80 | |
2–99 workers | 8 | 7.92 | |
>100 workers | 6 | 5.94 | |
No answer | 1 | 0.9 | |
General performance within the past three years | Increase > 15% | 34 | 33.67 |
Increase 15% | 12 | 11.88 | |
Increase < 15% | 10 | 9.90 | |
No changes | 20 | 19.80 | |
Decrease < 15% | 10 | 9.90 | |
Decrease 15% | 5 | 4.95 | |
Decrease > 15% | 10 | 9.90 | |
Assets | Less than or equal to IDR 50 million | 48 | 47.52 |
IDR >50 million–500 million | 35 | 34.65 | |
IDR >500 million–10 billion | 18 | 17.83 | |
Turnover | Max IDR 300 million | 76 | 75.25 |
IDR >300 million–2.5 billion | 17 | 16.83 | |
IDR >2.5 billion–50 billion | 8 | 7.92 | |
Collaboration with university | Yes | 10 | 9.91 |
No | 91 | 90.09 |
Variable | Indicators | R Count | R Table 5% (100) | Sig. Value | Validity | Cronbach’s Alpha |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Drivers | D1 | 0.535 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | 0.719 |
D2 | 0.558 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
D3 | 0.504 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
D4 | 0.501 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
D5 | 0.440 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
D6 | 0.569 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
D7 | 0.664 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
D8 | 0.590 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
D9 | 0.511 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
D10 | 0.516 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
Barriers | B1 | 0.668 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | 0.857 |
B2 | 0.649 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
B3 | 0.539 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
B4 | 0.745 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
B5 | 0.663 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
B6 | 0.592 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
B7 | 0.726 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
B8 | 0.661 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
B9 | 0.543 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
B10 | 0.606 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
B11 | 0.685 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
Readiness | Red1 | 0.331 | 0.195 | 0.001 | Valid | 0.775 |
Red2 | 0.578 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
Red3 | 0.779 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
Red4 | 0.739 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
Red5 | 0.791 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
Red6 | 0.775 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid | ||
Red7 | 0.637 | 0.195 | 0.000 | Valid |
Variable | Mean | Std. Deviation |
---|---|---|
Drivers (D) | 3.39–4.28 | 0.739–1.040 |
Barriers (B) | 3.73–4.11 | 0.868–1.076 |
Readiness (R) | 3.29–3.71 | 0.896–1.176 |
Model | Stand. β | Stand. Error | t | Sig | F | Sig | Adj R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Constant | 10.267 | 3.379 | 3.038 | 0.003 | 11.167 | 0.000 | 0.169 |
D | 0.442 | 1.06 | 4.171 | 0.000 | |||
B | −0.060 | 0.075 | −0.805 | 0.423 |
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Anatan, L.; Nur. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises’ Readiness for Digital Transformation in Indonesia. Economies 2023, 11, 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies11060156
Anatan L, Nur. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises’ Readiness for Digital Transformation in Indonesia. Economies. 2023; 11(6):156. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies11060156
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnatan, Lina, and Nur. 2023. "Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises’ Readiness for Digital Transformation in Indonesia" Economies 11, no. 6: 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies11060156