Effect of Extraction Solvents and Drying Methods on the Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Helicteres hirsuta Lour. Leaves
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Plant Material
2.2. Analytical Chemicals
2.3. Preparation of Dried H. hirsuta L. Samples
2.4. Experimental Design
2.5. Determination of Physical Properties
2.6. Determination of Extractable Solid Content
2.7. Determination of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of H. hirsuta L. Leaves
2.7.1. Bioactive Compounds
2.7.2. Antioxidant Capacity
2.8. Statistical Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effect of Solvents on Extractable Solid Content, Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of H. hirsuta L. Leaves
3.1.1. Effect on Extractable Solid Content
3.1.2. Effect on Bioactive Compounds
3.1.3. Effect on Antioxidant Capacity
3.2. Impact of Drying Methods on Extractable Solid Content, Bioactive Compound Yield and Antioxidant Capacity of Aqueous and Methanol Extracts from H. hirsuta L. Leaves
3.2.1. Impact on Extractable Solid Content
3.2.2. Impact on Bioactive Compounds
Drying Method | TPC (mg GAE/g) | TFC (mg CE/g) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Aqueous Extract | Methanol Extract | Aqueous Extract | Methanol Extract | |
HAD80 | 7.77 ± 0.67 a | 3.57 ± 0.59 a | 5.79 ± 0.07 a | 4.75 ± 0.36 a |
HAD90 | 6.58 ± 0.59 b | 2.34 ± 0.11 bc | 3.25 ± 0.23 c | 3.55 ± 0.26 ab |
LTD30 | 4.52 ± 0.40 ed | 1.91 ± 0.07 c | 1.48 ± 0.09 e | 2.40 ± 0.23 b |
LTD35 | 5.70 ± 0.46 bc | 2.75 ± 0.08 b | 1.99 ± 0.02 d | 4.58 ± 0.31 a |
IRD30 | 3.99 ± 0.33 f | 2.44 ± 0.17 bc | 0.97 ± 0.15 f | 2.86 ± 0.17 b |
IRD35 | 4.41 ± 0.39 ed | 2.39 ± 0. 21 bc | 1.33 ± 0.01 e | 3.47 ± 0.14 ab |
IRD40 | 5.35 ± 0.24 cd | 2.41 ± 0.15 bc | 1.87 ± 0.06 d | 3.38 ± 0.11 ab |
VD50 | 8.33 ± 0.56 a | 4.06 ± 0.11 a | 4.62 ± 0.02 b | 4.76 ± 1.45 a |
3.2.3. Impact on Antioxidant Capacity
Drying Method | DPPH Radical Scavenging Capacity (mg TE/g) | ABTS Radical Scavenging Capacity (mg TE/g) | Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (mg TE/g) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aqueous Extract | Methanol Extract | Aqueous Extract | Methanol Extract | Aqueous Extract | Methanol Extract | ||
HAD80 | 14.23 ± 0.16 a | 3.78 ± 0.22 b | 18.14 ± 0.08 a | 7.22 ± 0.36 b | 15.09 ± 0.07 a | 7.31 ± 0.40 a | |
HAD90 | 9.33 ± 0.57 b | 3.28 ± 0.16 bc | 12.83 ± 0.37 c | 5.15 ±0.45 cd | 8.41 ± 0.65 c | 5.11 ± 0.36 bcd | |
LTD30 | 5.09 ± 0.38 e | 3.35 ± 0.41 bc | 9.19 ± 0.50 f | 4.29 ±0.62 d | 5.46 ± 0.39 e | 3.93 ± 0.60 e | |
LTD35 | 7.76 ± 0.11 c | 3.78 ± 0.17 b | 12.64 ± 0.08 c | 5.83 ± 0.61 c | 7.22 ± 0.49 d | 5.66 ± 0.41 b | |
IRD30 | 2.64 ± 0.05 f | 3.01 ± 0.23 c | 10.49 ± 0.48 e | 5.96 ± 0.21 c | 5.09 ± 0.51 e | 4.27 ± 0.32 de | |
IRD35 | 4.67 ± 0.41 e | 3.23 ± 0.28 bc | 10.98 ± 0.44 de | 4.08 ± 0.42 d | 5.53 ± 0.46 e | 4.47 ± 0.25 cde | |
IRD40 | 6.66 ± 0.49 d | 3.14 ± 0.23 bc | 12.08 ± 0.25 cd | 5.76 ± 0.26 c | 7.17 ± 0.37 d | 5.39 ± 0.03 bc | |
VD50 | 13.45 ± 0.18 a | 4.73 ± 0.16 a | 16.77 ± 0.53 b | 8.50 ± 0.75 a | 13.54 ± 0.19 b | 7.98 ± 0.59 a |
3.2.4. Correlation of Bioactive Compounds in Dried H. hirsuta L. Leaves and Antioxidant Capacity
Bioactive Compounds | R-Squared Value * | ||
---|---|---|---|
DPPH Radical Scavenging Capacity | ABTS Radical Scavenging Capactity | Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power | |
TPC | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.92 |
TFC | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.97 |
Saponins | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.48 |
3.3. Impact of Drying Methods on the Physical Properties of H. hirsuta L. Leaves
Drying Method | Drying Time (Hours) | Moisture Content (%) | Water Activity |
---|---|---|---|
HAD80 | 4.0 | 5.51 ± 0.53 c | 0.49 ± 0.01 e |
HAD90 | 2.0 | 3.09 ± 0.35 d | 0.41 ± 0.01 f |
LTD30 | 10.5 | 8.18 ± 0.44 a | 0.59 ± 0.00 c |
LTD35 | 9.0 | 6.93 ± 0.35 b | 0.57 ± 0.01 d |
IRD30 | 18.0 | 8.67 ± 0.15 a | 0.68 ± 0.01 a |
IRD35 | 12.0 | 8.35 ± 0.25 a | 0.59 ± 0.00 c |
IRD40 | 6.0 | 8.51 ± 0.35 a | 0.61 ± 0.00 b |
VD50 | 19.0 | 6.13 ± 0.58 bc | 0.49 ± 0.01 e |
Drying Method | Color Characteristic | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Lightness | Chroma | Hue Angle (°) | Browning Index | |
HAD80 | 8.88 ± 0.06 d | 3.78 ± 0.07 e | 92.46 ± 0.80 c | 51.99 ± 0.85 a |
HAD90 | 10.39 ± 0.16 b | 4.36 ± 0.03 a | 93.94 ± 0.48 b | 50.21 ± 1.32 b |
LTD30 | 9.57 ± 0.18 c | 3.39 ± 0.05 g | 90.14 ± 1.13 d | 42.44 ± 0.70 e |
LTD35 | 10.83 ± 0.43 a | 4.04 ± 0.09 c | 93.67 ± 0.67 b | 43.36 ± 2.02 de |
IRD30 | 10.70 ± 0.27 a | 3.86 ± 0.11 d | 91.68 ± 0.78 c | 42.58 ± 0.34 e |
IRD35 | 9.75 ± 0.19 c | 3.65 ± 0.02 f | 90.58 ± 0.68 d | 45.29 ± 1.05 c |
IRD40 | 10.31 ± 0.21 b | 3.79 ± 0.08 de | 90.49 ± 1.03 d | 44.27 ± 0.91 cd |
VD50 | 10.87 ± 0.29 a | 4.24 ± 0.07 b | 96.39 ± 1.34 a | 44.01 ± 1.11 d |
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pham, H.N.T.; Nguyen, V.T.; Vuong, Q.V.; Bowyer, M.C.; Scarlett, C.J. Effect of Extraction Solvents and Drying Methods on the Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Helicteres hirsuta Lour. Leaves. Technologies 2015, 3, 285-301. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies3040285
Pham HNT, Nguyen VT, Vuong QV, Bowyer MC, Scarlett CJ. Effect of Extraction Solvents and Drying Methods on the Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Helicteres hirsuta Lour. Leaves. Technologies. 2015; 3(4):285-301. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies3040285
Chicago/Turabian StylePham, Hong Ngoc Thuy, Van Tang Nguyen, Quan Van Vuong, Michael C. Bowyer, and Christopher J. Scarlett. 2015. "Effect of Extraction Solvents and Drying Methods on the Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Helicteres hirsuta Lour. Leaves" Technologies 3, no. 4: 285-301. https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies3040285