Lack of Syllable Duration as a Post-Lexical Acoustic Cue in Spanish in Contact with Maya
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- El gato de botas [CFOC ROJAS] se comió un ratón y no el de botas [CFOC AZULES].“The cat with red boots ate a mouse, not the one with blue boots.” (Zubizarreta 1999, p. 4230)
- ¿Qué pasa?—[BFOC Juan está comiendo un helado].“What’s happening?—John is eating ice cream.”
[…] lo primero que llama la atención del forastero […] es la entonación fraseal, lenta y pausada, fenómenos que no son sino reflejos de la fonética nativa [maya]. ‘[…] the first thing that attracts the attention of the foreigner […] is the unhurried and deliberate pronunciation, which is nothing else than the mirror image of the native [Mayan] phonetics.’
- 3.
- Tumen to’on-e’ [FOC maaya] k t’an-ik-øbecause 1.PL-TOP Maya HAB.ERG.1PL speak-IND-ABS.3SG“Porque nosotros lo que hablamos es MAYA.” [“Because what we speak is MAYA”](Gutiérrez Bravo 2015, p. 21; our English translation)
- 4.
- Ellos, VENIR hicieron acá en Yucatánthey come-INF do.PAST.3PL here in Yucatán“They, they came here to Yucatán.” (Gutiérrez-Bravo et al. 2019, p. 279)
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Results for Subject Position
3.2. Results for Object Position
3.3. Summary of Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Number of Observations | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subject | Object | ||||||
Participant ID | BLP Score | Gender | Age | Broad Focus | Contrastive Focus | Broad Focus | Contrastive Focus |
01 | 95.994 | male | 22 | 17 | 10 | 4 | 4 |
02 | 153.742 | male | 18 | 16 | 10 | 4 | 4 |
03 | 129.86 | female | 20 | 17 | 10 | 4 | 4 |
04 | 65.754 | female | 31 | 17 | 10 | 4 | 4 |
05 | 101.618 | male | 21 | 18 | 9 | 4 | 4 |
06 | 37.146 | female | 84 | 16 | 9 | 4 | 4 |
07 | 202.05 | female | 54 | 17 | 9 | 4 | 4 |
08 | 96.444 | male | 72 | 13 | 10 | 3 | 4 |
10 | 158.92 | male | 38 | 16 | 10 | 4 | 4 |
11 | 195.24 | female | 67 | 16 | 10 | 2 | 2 |
12 | 178.896 | male | 34 | 14 | 2 | 4 | 4 |
13 | 177.08 | female | 36 | 17 | 9 | 4 | 4 |
14 | 9.992 | male | 46 | 16 | 9 | 3 | 3 |
15 | −26.246 | female | 43 | 16 | 9 | 4 | 4 |
17 | −45.952 | female | 30 | 16 | 10 | 4 | 4 |
18 | −23.702 | female | 38 | 17 | 10 | 4 | 4 |
19 | −24.426 | female | 34 | 17 | 6 | 4 | 4 |
20 | −20.434 | male | 47 | 15 | 9 | 4 | 3 |
22 | −25.146 | male | 38 | 17 | 7 | 4 | 4 |
23 | 99.172 | female | 37 | 16 | 10 | 4 | 4 |
24 | 141.668 | male | 47 | 16 | 7 | 3 | 3 |
25 | 35.334 | female | 44 | 17 | 9 | 4 | 4 |
26 | 56.764 | female | 41 | 17 | 10 | 4 | 4 |
27 | 22.798 | female | 58 | 17 | 10 | 4 | 4 |
28 | 177.08 | female | 63 | 17 | 10 | 4 | 4 |
29 | 159.828 | male | 66 | 15 | 10 | 4 | 4 |
30 | 157.104 | male | 46 | 17 | 10 | 4 | 4 |
31 | 179.804 | female | 34 | 17 | 10 | 4 | 4 |
32 | 49.858 | male | 33 | 16 | 9 | 4 | 4 |
36 | 69.658 | female | 26 | 17 | 6 | 4 | 4 |
38 | 89.906 | male | 17 | 17 | 10 | 4 | 4 |
39 | 4.99 | male | 20 | 15 | 10 | 4 | 4 |
40 | −9.984 | male | 18 | 17 | 10 | 4 | 4 |
41 | 45.228 | female | 43 | 17 | 9 | 4 | 4 |
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1 | We thank a reviewer for this useful piece of information. |
2 | Secondly, we might draw our attention to other contact varieties of Spanish, since it has been found that Peruvian Spanish does not seem to have post-lexical duration either (Muntendam and Torreira 2016). However, this issue is beyond the scope of the present paper so we have decided to tackle it in future research. |
3 | The war was declared officially over in 1915, but it is generally considered to have ended already when the military governor Francisco Bravo and his troops occupied Chan Santa Cruz (i.e., the present city of Felipe Carrillo Puerto) in 1901. |
Short Vowel | Long Vowel |
---|---|
chich [t͡ʃit͡ʃ] ‘hard’ | chiich [t͡ʃìːt͡ʃ] ‘granny’ |
k’an [k’an] ‘yellow’ | k’áan [k’áːn] ‘hammock’ |
pik [pik] ‘a bug’ | piik [pìːk] ‘petticoat’ |
Target Syllable | n | Mean (SD) |
---|---|---|
abogado | ||
broad focus | 32 | 182.51 (59.6) |
contrastive focus | 29 | 195.1 (49.78) |
bailarina | ||
broad focus | 129 | 131.82 (30.36) |
contrastive focus | 89 | 135.54 (33.5) |
enfermera | ||
broad focus | 126 | 177.04 (49.25) |
contrastive focus | 65 | 194.32 (42.9) |
marinero | ||
broad focus | 98 | 191.38 (47.6) |
contrastive focus | 62 | 206.43 (34.32) |
vendedora | ||
broad focus | 171 | 182.96 (47.03) |
contrastive focus | 63 | 179.69 (38.65) |
Fixed Effect | Estimate | SE | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
(Intercept) | 154.77 | 18.55 | 8.34 | <0.001 |
focus | 6.62 | 5.20 | 1.27 | 0.23 (n.s.) |
BLP score | −0.08 | 0.07 | −1.06 | 0.30 (n.s.) |
gender | −3.10 | 9.86 | −0.32 | 0.76 (n.s.) |
age | 0.65 | 0.30 | 2.14 | 0.04 |
focus BLP score | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.60 | 0.55 (n.s.) |
Target Syllable | n | Mean (SD) |
---|---|---|
ballena | ||
broad focus | 32 | 181.52 (44.61) |
contrastive focus | 33 | 197.36 (37.95) |
bombero | ||
broad focus | 31 | 114.22 (26.62) |
contrastive focus | 31 | 121.12 (25.68) |
granada | ||
broad focus | 34 | 190.3 (37.56) |
contrastive focus | 33 | 185.25 (37.65) |
merengue | ||
broad focus | 34 | 222.81 (34.29) |
contrastive focus | 34 | 228.9 (40.28) |
Fixed Effect | Estimate | SE | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
(Intercept) | 174.27 | 25.52 | 6.83 | 0.02 |
focus | 8.60 | 6.31 | 1.36 | 0.21 (n.s.) |
BLP score | −0.01 | 0.06 | −0.22 | 0.82 (n.s.) |
gender | −22.00 | 7.01 | −3.14 | 0.004 |
age | 0.34 | 0.22 | 1.60 | 0.12 (n.s.) |
focus BLP score | −0.03 | 0.05 | −0.61 | 0.54 (n.s.) |
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García, N.M.; Uth, M. Lack of Syllable Duration as a Post-Lexical Acoustic Cue in Spanish in Contact with Maya. Languages 2019, 4, 84. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages4040084
García NM, Uth M. Lack of Syllable Duration as a Post-Lexical Acoustic Cue in Spanish in Contact with Maya. Languages. 2019; 4(4):84. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages4040084
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarcía, Nuria Martínez, and Melanie Uth. 2019. "Lack of Syllable Duration as a Post-Lexical Acoustic Cue in Spanish in Contact with Maya" Languages 4, no. 4: 84. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages4040084
APA StyleGarcía, N. M., & Uth, M. (2019). Lack of Syllable Duration as a Post-Lexical Acoustic Cue in Spanish in Contact with Maya. Languages, 4(4), 84. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages4040084