Mood Selection in Relative Clauses by French–Spanish Bilinguals: Contrasts and Similarities between L2 and Heritage Speakers

Alba de la Fuente, Anahí; Cruz Enríquez, Maura; Lacroix, Hugues

doi:10.3390/languages3030031

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Mood Selection in Relative Clauses by French–Spanish Bilinguals: Contrasts and Similarities between L2 and Heritage Speakers

Anahí Alba de la Fuente

^1,*

Maura Cruz Enríquez

¹ and

Hugues Lacroix

^1,2

Département de Littératures et de Langues du Monde, Université de Montréal, 3150 rue Jean-Brillant, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada

IKER-UMR-5478 Laboratory, Université Bordeaux-Montaigne, 19 Esplanade des Antilles, 33607 Pessac, France

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Languages 2018, 3(3), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/languages3030031

Received: 20 February 2018 / Revised: 27 July 2018 / Accepted: 31 July 2018 / Published: 6 August 2018

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Romance Languages at the Forefront of Language Acquisition Research—Volume 1)

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Abstract

In this paper, we explore three issues related to the acquisition of mood selection in Spanish relative clauses by second language (L2) and heritage (HL) speakers of Spanish: (1) whether HL speakers are more native-like than L2 learners; (2) whether the speakers’ performance differs depending on task modality (written vs. oral), since HL speakers are known to perform better in oral tasks and L2 learners tend to do better in written tasks; and (3) whether knowledge of French as an L1/dominant language (DL) has an impact on the acquisition of Spanish subjunctive, since both languages include this mood in their grammars, but it is used more productively in Spanish. Results from a sentence combination felicity task (SCFT) in Spanish—in written and oral forms—and a written elicited production task (EPT) in French, administered to advanced L2 and HL speakers of Spanish whose L1/DL is French and two monolingual (Spanish and French) control groups, revealed that L2 learners pattern more closely with the control group than HL speakers in the SCFT, both written and orally. In the EPT, all bilingual speakers display higher levels of subjunctive use than the control group, showing a potential influence from the L2/weaker language on the L1/DL. View Full-Text

Keywords: heritage language (HL) acquisition; mood; L2 acquisition; Spanish relative clauses; task effects; oral vs. written production

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Alba de la Fuente, A.; Cruz Enríquez, M.; Lacroix, H. Mood Selection in Relative Clauses by French–Spanish Bilinguals: Contrasts and Similarities between L2 and Heritage Speakers. Languages 2018, 3, 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages3030031

AMA Style

Alba de la Fuente A, Cruz Enríquez M, Lacroix H. Mood Selection in Relative Clauses by French–Spanish Bilinguals: Contrasts and Similarities between L2 and Heritage Speakers. Languages. 2018; 3(3):31. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages3030031

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alba de la Fuente, Anahí, Maura Cruz Enríquez, and Hugues Lacroix. 2018. "Mood Selection in Relative Clauses by French–Spanish Bilinguals: Contrasts and Similarities between L2 and Heritage Speakers" Languages 3, no. 3: 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages3030031

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Mood Selection in Relative Clauses by French–Spanish Bilinguals: Contrasts and Similarities between L2 and Heritage Speakers

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