Effect of Various Surface Coatings on De-Icing/Anti-Icing Fluids Aerodynamic and Endurance Time Performances
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. De-Icing and Anti-Icing Fluids
2.2. Coatings Characteristics
2.3. Water Spray Endurance Test (WSET)
2.4. Aerodynamic Acceptance Test (AAT)
3. Results
3.1. Coatings Characteristics
3.2. Water Spray Endurance Test
3.3. Aerodynamic Acceptance Test
3.3.1. Dry BLDT Results
3.3.2. Fluid BLDT Results
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fluid Name | Fluid Description | Fluid Type |
---|---|---|
Ref. Fluid | High speed ramp reference fluid | SAE AS5900 Reference Fluid |
Fluid A | Commercially available Type I Ethylene Glycol based qualified fluid | SAE AMS1424 Fluid |
Fluid B | Commercially available Type IV Propylene Glycol based qualified fluid | SAE AMS1428 Fluid |
Component | Percent by Weight (%w/w) |
---|---|
Propylene glycol | 68.0 ± 0.1 |
Tripropylene glycol | 20.0 ± 0.1 |
Demineralized water | 12.0 ± 0.1 |
Surface | Chemical Information | Average Roughness µm (µin) | Contact Angle with Water (°) |
---|---|---|---|
Aluminum | Al 6061 T6 | 0.12 (4.7) | 76 ± 1 |
Epoxy | Epoxide resin | 0.12 (4.7) | 92 ± 1 |
Icephobic | Epoxide resin | 1.24 (48.8) | 111 ± 1 |
Hydrophobic | Silicone based | 0.41 (16.1) | 116 ± 1 |
Superhydrophobic 1 | ZnO Nanoparticules Doped Epoxide resin | 1.24 (48.8) | 152 ± 1 |
Superhydrophobic 2 | Silica–silicone nanocomposite | 2.10 (82.7) | 160 ± 1 |
Surface | Average Roughness µm (µin) | BLDT (mm) | Increase (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Plexiglas | N/A | 2.70 | 0.0 |
Aluminum | 0.12 (4.7) | 2.70 | 0.0 |
Epoxy | 0.12 (4.7) | 2.76 | 2.2 |
Hydrophobic | 0.41 (16.1) | 2.76 | 2.2 |
Superhydrophobic 1 | 1.24 (48.8) | 2.94 | 8.9 |
Icephobic | 1.24 (48.8) | 3.00 | 11.1 |
Superhydrophobic 2 | 2.10 (82.7) | 3.03 | 12.2 |
2000 (Sandpaper) | 2.60 (102.4) | 3.66 | 35.6 |
Surface | Average Roughness µm (µin) |
---|---|
Aluminum | 0.12 (4.7) |
Epoxy | 0.12 (4.7) |
Hydrophobic | 0.41 (16.1) |
Superhydrophobic 1 | 1.24 (48.8) |
Icephobic | 1.24 (48.8) |
Fed Std 595–36173 (polyurethane gray) | 1.24 (48.8) |
Fed Std 595–34102 (moss green) | 1.73 (68.0) |
Fed Std 595–34092 (dark green) | 1.98 (78.0) |
Superhydrophobic 2 | 2.10 (85.0) |
Fed Std 595–36118 (gray) | 2.16 (85.0) |
2000 (Sandpaper) | 2.60 (102.4) |
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Villeneuve, E.; Brassard, J.-D.; Volat, C. Effect of Various Surface Coatings on De-Icing/Anti-Icing Fluids Aerodynamic and Endurance Time Performances. Aerospace 2019, 6, 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6100114
Villeneuve E, Brassard J-D, Volat C. Effect of Various Surface Coatings on De-Icing/Anti-Icing Fluids Aerodynamic and Endurance Time Performances. Aerospace. 2019; 6(10):114. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6100114
Chicago/Turabian StyleVilleneuve, Eric, Jean-Denis Brassard, and Christophe Volat. 2019. "Effect of Various Surface Coatings on De-Icing/Anti-Icing Fluids Aerodynamic and Endurance Time Performances" Aerospace 6, no. 10: 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6100114