Analysis of VIA and EbA in a River Bank Erosion Prone Area of Bangladesh Applying DPSIR Framework
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Methodology of VIA and EbA
2.3. Data Collection and Analysis
2.4. Vulnerability Assessment
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Ecosystem and Community Interrelationship
3.2. Climate and/or Non-Climate Pressures to Ecosystem and Community Services
3.3. Community Risk and Vulnerability Analysis
3.4. Future Changes and Consequences to the Riverine Ecosystem
3.5. Suggested EbA in Response to Studied Ecosystem
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Issues | Area in Hectares | Percentage (%) |
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Land Features | ||
Settlement | 2720 | 7.39 |
Agricultural Land | 22,708 | 61.69 |
River | 7941 | 21.57 |
Eroded Area | 3443 | 9.35 |
Vulnerable Areas | ||
High Vulnerable Area | 4701 | 12.77 |
Medium Vulnerable Area | 10,656 | 28.95 |
Low Vulnerable Area | 13,493 | 36.65 |
Vulnerable Community | Pressures | Drivers | |
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Non-Climatic | Climatic | ||
Key Habitat-Agriculture Land | |||
Crop Farmers |
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Agricultural Labourers |
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Wage Labourer |
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Key Habitat-Water Bodies(River) | |||
All communities especially those who live along the river bank |
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Communities living in the area |
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Community | Pressures | Vulnerability | Coping Capacity | |
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Indicators | Remarks | |||
Agricultural Farmer | Limited availability of land | Increased sedimentation | Integrated Protected Area Co-management (IPAC) report (2009) has also identified sedimentation as threats for losing agricultural land. |
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Reduction of land fertility | Increased use of chemicals and fertiliser | Population expansion extends the food demand which invites the elevated use of fertiliser and chemicals to increase production, ultimately reducing the land fertility. | ||
Crop Farmer | Increased rate of erosion | Erosion rate | Mollah et al., 2011 reported the erosion rate of 9.35%. | |
Unavailability of water for irrigation | Irregular monsoon rain and rainfall pattern | In recent years their irregular pattern of monsoon rainfall has been noticed, which causes the death of standing field crop just before the cutting season. | ||
Destruction of standing crop | Increased pest invasion | Increased temperature and the late arrival of monsoon rainfall have been observed. | ||
Unfavourable climatic condition | Sudden fog in flowering season and abrupt changes in rainfall and temperature | Sudden continuous fog for several days in the flowering season is causing the infertility of Boro rice. Abrupt changes in the rainfall pattern and temperature over the Bogra station (1981–2015) have been given in Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6. | ||
Wage Labourer | Unavailability of employment | Lack of cultivable land and poor wage rate | Loss of cultivable land has decreased the employment opportunity of many wage labourers and aggravated the changing of livelihood pattern. |
Key Habitat and Services | Key Community | Key Climate Concerns | Non-Climate Concerns | Consequences |
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Agricultural ProductsLand | ||||
Land for crop cultivation | Farmers |
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Water Bodies (River) | ||||
Water feeder of the ecosystem | All communities |
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Natural source of fish | Fishermen community |
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© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Rahman, S.H.; Faisal, B.M.R.; Rahman, M.T.; Taher, T.B. Analysis of VIA and EbA in a River Bank Erosion Prone Area of Bangladesh Applying DPSIR Framework. Climate 2016, 4, 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli4040052
Rahman SH, Faisal BMR, Rahman MT, Taher TB. Analysis of VIA and EbA in a River Bank Erosion Prone Area of Bangladesh Applying DPSIR Framework. Climate. 2016; 4(4):52. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli4040052
Chicago/Turabian StyleRahman, Syed Hafizur, B. M. Refat Faisal, Md. Towfiqur Rahman, and Toiaba Binta Taher. 2016. "Analysis of VIA and EbA in a River Bank Erosion Prone Area of Bangladesh Applying DPSIR Framework" Climate 4, no. 4: 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli4040052