Discovery of Dihydrophaseic Acid Glucosides from the Florets of Carthamus tinctorius
1
School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
2
Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities (NCIRF), Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
3
School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this study.
Plants 2020, 9(7), 858; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9070858
Received: 1 June 2020 / Revised: 3 July 2020 / Accepted: 3 July 2020 / Published: 7 July 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2019 Feature Papers by Plants’ Editorial Board Members)
Carthamus tinctorius L. (Compositae; safflower or Hong Hua) has been used in Korean traditional medicine for maintaining the homeostasis of body circulation. Phytochemical investigation was performed on the florets of C. tinctorius by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS), which afforded two dihydrophaseic acid glucosides (1 and 2). Isolated compounds were structurally confirmed using a combination of spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy. Their absolute configurations were established by quantum chemical electronic circular dichroism calculations and enzymatic hydrolysis. The anti-adipogenesis activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Treatment with the dihydrophaseic acid glucoside (1) during adipocyte differentiation prevented the accumulation of lipid droplets and reduced the expression of adipogenic genes, Fabp4 and Adipsin. However, compound 2 did not affect adipogenesis. Our study yielded a dihydrophaseic acid glucoside derived from C. tinctorius, which has potential advantages for treating obesity.
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Keywords:
Carthamus tinctorius; dihydrophaseic acid; electronic circular dichroism calculation; adipogenesis
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MDPI and ACS Style
Baek, S.C.; Lee, B.S.; Yi, S.A.; Yu, J.S.; Lee, J.; Ko, Y.-J.; Pang, C.; Kim, K.H. Discovery of Dihydrophaseic Acid Glucosides from the Florets of Carthamus tinctorius. Plants 2020, 9, 858. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9070858
AMA Style
Baek SC, Lee BS, Yi SA, Yu JS, Lee J, Ko Y-J, Pang C, Kim KH. Discovery of Dihydrophaseic Acid Glucosides from the Florets of Carthamus tinctorius. Plants. 2020; 9(7):858. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9070858
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaek, Su C.; Lee, Bum S.; Yi, Sang A.; Yu, Jae S.; Lee, Jaecheol; Ko, Yoon-Joo; Pang, Changhyun; Kim, Ki H. 2020. "Discovery of Dihydrophaseic Acid Glucosides from the Florets of Carthamus tinctorius" Plants 9, no. 7: 858. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9070858
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