Nanofibrillation is an Effective Method to Produce Chitin Derivatives for Induction of Plant Responses in Soybean
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effects of Chitins on the Plant Growth in Soybeans
2.2. Comparison and Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in Chitin-treated Soybeans
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Preparation of Chitin Nanofiber and Chitin Oligosaccharide Water Dispersions
4.2. Plant Materials, Growth Conditions, and Measurement of Plant Growth
4.3. RNA Sequencing and Data Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene ID | Description | CO/Control | CNF/Control | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
log2FC | FDR a | log2FC | FDR a | ||
CO only | |||||
GLYMA_11G176200 | Uncharacterized protein | 1.76 | 2.74 | −0.31 | 1.00 |
GLYMA_11G070500 | Isoflavone reductase, NmrA domain-containing protein | 1.36 | 1.98 | 0.67 | 9.43 |
GLYMA_08G277000 | TRANSKETOLASE_1 domain-containing protein | 1.26 | 1.17 | 0.88 | 3.36 |
GLYMA_08G338200 | Glycosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) | 1.09 | 3.04 | 0.62 | 1.00 |
CO and CNF | |||||
GLYMA_04G020700 | Syringolide-induced protein 14-1-1 | 2.22 | 1.47 | 2.34 | 7.60 |
GLYMA_10G272000 | Uncharacterized protein | 1.74 | 1.99 | 2.00 | 4.01 |
GLYMA_05G136100 | Glutamate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.15) | 1.63 | 2.30 | 2.11 | 6.65 |
GLYMA_08G109400 | Chalcone synthase 1 (EC 2.3.1.74) | 1.30 | 7.11 | 1.45 | 1.79 |
GLYMA_10G295200 | C2H2-type domain-containing protein | 1.25 | 1.50 | 1.47 | 3.87 |
GLYMA_02G265900 | Uncharacterized protein | 1.24 | 5.89 | 1.57 | 2.97 |
CNF only | |||||
GLYMA_18G061000 | PPM-type phosphatase domain-containing protein | 2.28 | 2.42 | 2.98 | 3.85 |
GLYMA_01G236200 | Uncharacterized protein | 1.61 | 1.00 | 2.59 | 3.20 |
GLYMA_02G000800 | BHLH domain-containing protein | 2.13 | 5.36 | 2.46 | 1.51 |
GLYMA_01G127100 | Dirigent protein | 1.91 | 6.91 | 2.42 | 5.28 |
GLYMA_08G091400 | Glutamate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.15) | 1.18 | 2.42 | 1.86 | 7.46 |
GLYMA_13G093300 | PBPe domain-containing protein | 0.96 | 5.93 | 1.76 | 1.79 |
GLYMA_02G054900 | Uncharacterized protein | 1.06 | 1.00 | 1.76 | 1.42 |
GLYMA_06G265500 | GRAS domain-containing protein | 1.01 | 1.47 | 1.71 | 1.37 |
GLYMA_20G013400 | Uncharacterized protein | 1.11 | 9.36 | 1.67 | 1.82 |
GLYMA_18G290400 | Uncharacterized protein | 1.19 | 1.00 | 1.66 | 2.68 |
GLYMA_18G127900 | TIR-NBS-LRR type disease resistance protein | 1.14 | 5.75 | 1.65 | 1.79 |
GLYMA_13G206700 | TPT domain-containing protein | 0.85 | 8.68 | 1.65 | 5.62 |
GLYMA_15G052600 | Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) | 0.95 | 1.00 | 1.63 | 8.57 |
GLYMA_18G271300 | Protein kinase domain-containing protein | 0.93 | 2.41 | 1.59 | 2.18 |
GLYMA_11G051800 | Uncharacterized protein | 1.16 | 5.82 | 1.53 | 1.49 |
GLYMA_13G033500 | Protein kinase domain-containing protein | 0.78 | 1.00 | 1.50 | 2.55 |
GLYMA_19G085200 | Uncharacterized protein | 1.01 | 9.23 | 1.47 | 8.31 |
GLYMA_10G253100 | Uncharacterized protein | 1.01 | 3.80 | 1.43 | 3.85 |
GLYMA_02G242900 | RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase (EC 2.3.2.27) | 1.06 | 5.80 | 1.39 | 3.87 |
GLYMA_01G238800 | MFS domain-containing protein | 0.81 | 7.33 | 1.30 | 7.50 |
GLYMA_07G188800 | Uncharacterized protein | 0.88 | 2.42 | 1.28 | 5.87 |
GLYMA_11G077900 | Rhodanese domain-containing protein | 0.77 | 7.06 | 1.27 | 1.42 |
GLYMA_01G225100 | PPM-type phosphatase domain-containing protein | 0.28 | 1.00 | 1.23 | 3.46 |
GLYMA_05G015400 | Phospholipid-transporting ATPase (EC 7.6.2.1) | 0.85 | 2.42 | 1.20 | 3.20 |
GLYMA_20G236200 | Uncharacterized protein | 0.68 | 1.00 | 1.19 | 4.31 |
GLYMA_05G132900 | Uncharacterized protein | 0.55 | 1.00 | 1.12 | 3.87 |
GLYMA_10G185200 | Zeta_toxin domain-containing protein | 0.77 | 5.92 | 1.12 | 3.87 |
GLYMA_13G133100 | Uncharacterized protein | 0.79 | 5.47 | 1.08 | 4.80 |
GLYMA_13G208000 | Peptidase A1 domain-containing protein | 0.41 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.42 |
GLYMA_02G097400 | Protein kinase domain-containing protein | −0.42 | 1.00 | −1.28 | 2.68 |
GLYMA_01G081300 | Uncharacterized protein | −0.50 | 1.00 | −1.28 | 1.88 |
GLYMA_10G207000 | Uncharacterized protein | −0.35 | 1.00 | −1.38 | 1.79 |
GLYMA_04G023700 | Uncharacterized protein | −0.61 | 1.00 | −1.43 | 1.49 |
GLYMA_03G018800 | TCP domain-containing protein | −0.15 | 1.00 | −1.56 | 3.85 |
GO Term | Category a | N | Genes |
---|---|---|---|
Drug binding | MF | 10 | GLYMA_02G097400 GLYMA_05G015400 GLYMA_05G132900 GLYMA_05G136100 GLYMA_07G188800 GLYMA_08G091400 GLYMA_10G185200 GLYMA_10G253100 GLYMA_13G033500 GLYMA_18G271300 |
Cell periphery | CC | 9 | GLYMA_01G238800 GLYMA_02G097400 GLYMA_05G015400 GLYMA_07G188800 GLYMA_10G253100 GLYMA_13G093300 GLYMA_15G052600 GLYMA_20G013400 GLYMA_20G236200 |
Plasma membrane | CC | 8 | GLYMA_01G238800 GLYMA_02G097400 GLYMA_05G015400 GLYMA_07G188800 GLYMA_10G253100 GLYMA_13G093300 GLYMA_20G013400 GLYMA_20G236200 |
Transporter activity | MF | 6 | GLYMA_01G238800 GLYMA_05G015400 GLYMA_05G132900 GLYMA_13G093300 GLYMA_13G206700 GLYMA_19G085200 |
Response to stimulus | BP | 5 | GLYMA_13G093300 GLYMA_13G133100 GLYMA_15G052600 GLYMA_18G127900 GLYMA_20G236200 |
Localization | BP | 5 | GLYMA_01G238800 GLYMA_05G015400 GLYMA_05G132900 GLYMA_13G206700 GLYMA_19G085200 |
Establishment of localization | BP | 5 | GLYMA_01G238800 GLYMA_05G015400 GLYMA_05G132900 GLYMA_13G206700 GLYMA_19G085200 |
Transmembrane transporter activity | MF | 5 | GLYMA_01G238800 GLYMA_05G132900 GLYMA_13G093300 GLYMA_13G206700 GLYMA_19G085200 |
Catabolic process | BP | 4 | GLYMA_05G136100 GLYMA_08G091400 GLYMA_13G208000 GLYMA_15G052600 |
Cellular response to stimulus | BP | 4 | GLYMA_13G093300 GLYMA_15G052600 GLYMA_18G127900 GLYMA_20G236200 |
Cofactor binding | MF | 4 | GLYMA_05G136100 GLYMA_08G091400 GLYMA_11G051800 GLYMA_15G052600 |
Regulation of metabolic process | BP | 3 | GLYMA_03G018800 GLYMA_06G265500 GLYMA_10G295200 |
Response to chemical | BP | 3 | GLYMA_13G133100 GLYMA_15G052600 GLYMA_20G236200 |
DNA-binding transcription factor activity | MF | 3 | GLYMA_03G018800 GLYMA_06G265500 GLYMA_10G295200 |
Oxidoreductase activity | MF | 3 | GLYMA_11G051800 GLYMA_15G052600 GLYMA_20G236200 |
Signaling | BP | 2 | GLYMA_13G093300 GLYMA_18G127900 |
Detoxification | BP | 2 | GLYMA_15G052600 GLYMA_20G236200 |
Cellular detoxification | BP | 2 | GLYMA_15G052600 GLYMA_20G236200 |
Extracellular region | CC | 2 | GLYMA_01G127100 GLYMA_15G052600 |
Cell-cell junction | CC | 2 | GLYMA_02G097400 GLYMA_15G052600 |
Endomembrane system | CC | 2 | GLYMA_05G015400 GLYMA_13G206700 |
Cell junction | CC | 2 | GLYMA_02G097400 GLYMA_15G052600 |
Symplast | CC | 2 | GLYMA_02G097400 GLYMA_15G052600 |
Peroxidase activity | MF | 2 | GLYMA_15G052600 GLYMA_20G236200 |
Antioxidant activity | MF | 2 | GLYMA_15G052600 GLYMA_20G236200 |
Lyase activity | MF | 2 | GLYMA_05G136100 GLYMA_08G091400 |
Carbohydrate binding | MF | 2 | GLYMA_01G081300 GLYMA_13G033500 |
Functional Category (GO Category a or KEGG Pathway) | Genes in List | Total Genes | Enrichment FDR b |
---|---|---|---|
Glutamate catabolic process (BP) | 2 | 10 | 1.68 |
Glutamate decarboxylase activity (MF) | 2 | 10 | 1.68 |
Dicarboxylic acid catabolic process (BP) | 2 | 13 | 1.94 |
Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism (KEGG) | 2 | 29 | 6.43 |
Glutamine family amino acid catabolic process (BP) | 2 | 30 | 6.43 |
Butanoate metabolism (KEGG) | 2 | 33 | 6.50 |
Glutamate metabolic process (BP) | 2 | 37 | 7.01 |
Plasma membrane (CC) | 8 | 2728 | 9.11 |
Cell periphery (CC) | 9 | 3371 | 9.11 |
MAPK signaling pathway (KEGG) | 3 | 230 | 9.11 |
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism (KEGG) | 2 | 73 | 1.73 |
Beta-Alanine metabolism (KEGG) | 2 | 81 | 1.95 |
Drug binding (MF) | 10 | 4868 | 2.12 |
Alpha-amino acid catabolic process (BP) | 2 | 110 | 3.05 |
Carboxy-lyase activity (MF) | 2 | 119 | 3.17 |
Cellular amino acid catabolic process (BP) | 2 | 120 | 3.17 |
Organophosphate ester transport (BP) | 2 | 130 | 3.23 |
Carbohydrate transmembrane transport (BP) | 2 | 139 | 3.23 |
Dicarboxylic acid metabolic process (BP) | 2 | 142 | 3.23 |
Magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity (MF) | 2 | 134 | 3.23 |
Calcium ion binding (MF) | 3 | 474 | 3.23 |
Glutamine family amino acid metabolic process (BP) | 2 | 137 | 3.23 |
Metal ion binding (MF) | 9 | 4694 | 3.35 |
Carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity (MF) | 2 | 156 | 3.38 |
Cation binding (MF) | 9 | 4733 | 3.38 |
Carbon-carbon lyase activity (MF) | 2 | 173 | 3.82 |
Carbohydrate transport (BP) | 2 | 170 | 3.82 |
Organic acid catabolic process (MF) | 2 | 191 | 4.18 |
Carboxylic acid catabolic process (MF) | 2 | 191 | 4.18 |
Transporter activity (MF) | 6 | 2526 | 4.18 |
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Kaminaka, H.; Miura, C.; Isowa, Y.; Tominaga, T.; Gonnami, M.; Egusa, M.; Ifuku, S. Nanofibrillation is an Effective Method to Produce Chitin Derivatives for Induction of Plant Responses in Soybean. Plants 2020, 9, 810. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9070810
Kaminaka H, Miura C, Isowa Y, Tominaga T, Gonnami M, Egusa M, Ifuku S. Nanofibrillation is an Effective Method to Produce Chitin Derivatives for Induction of Plant Responses in Soybean. Plants. 2020; 9(7):810. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9070810
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaminaka, Hironori, Chihiro Miura, Yukiko Isowa, Takaya Tominaga, Mamu Gonnami, Mayumi Egusa, and Shinsuke Ifuku. 2020. "Nanofibrillation is an Effective Method to Produce Chitin Derivatives for Induction of Plant Responses in Soybean" Plants 9, no. 7: 810. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9070810