Postveraison Deficit Irrigation Effects on Fruit Quality and Yield of “Flame Seedless” Table Grape Cultivated under Greenhouse and Net
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Experimental Site and Vine Management
2.2. Experimental Design and Measurements
3. Results
3.1. Irrigation Water Applied
3.2. Soil Water Content
3.3. Stem Water Potential
3.4. Yield
3.5. Water Use Efficiency (WUE)
3.6. Fruit Quality
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Net | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
Kc a | - | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.33 | 0.40 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.38 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.25 | - |
ETo b | 47 | 64 | 90 | 113 | 140 | 164 | 200 | 165 | 116 | 87 | 56 | 45 |
Greenhouse | ||||||||||||
Kc a | -- | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.38 | 0.40 | 0.43 | 0.40 | 0.35 | 0.3 | 0.30 | 0.25 | - |
ETo b | 31 | 29 | 37 | 60 | 101 | 113 | 121 | 106 | 82 | 57 | 37 | 27 |
2015 | 2016 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment | TWA (mm) | WA-RDI (mm) | TWA (mm) | WA-RDI (mm) | |
Net | Control | 475.0 | 112.0 | 473.0 | 94.6 |
RDI | 389.2 (18.1%) | 26.2 (76.6%) | 400.2 (15.4%) | 21.8 (77.0%) | |
Greenhouse | Control | 317.1 | 96.0 | 315.0 | 114.9 |
RDI | 244.3 (23.0%) | 23.0 (76.0%) | 231.6 (26.5%) | 31.5 (72.6%) |
2015 | 2016 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatments | Total Yield (kg Vine−1) | Yield Per Cluster Type (kg Vine−1) | Cluster Weight (kg) | Total Yield (kg Vine−1) | Yield Per Cluster Type (kg Vine-1) | Cluster Weight (kg) | ||||
>80% | 60–80% | <60% | >80% | 60–80% | <60% | |||||
Net | Net | |||||||||
Control | 24.9 | 22.0 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.35 | 31.6 | 21.8 | 8.2 | 1.5 | 0.46 |
RDI | 28.6 | 24.3 | 3.9 | 0.4 | 0.39 | 26.0 | 22.9 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 0.37 |
p | n.s. | n.s | n.s | n.s. | n.s | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Greenhouse | Greenhouse | |||||||||
Control | 31.1 a * | 12.6 | 12.1 a | 5.9 a | 0.38 | 33.1 a | 26.0 | 4.6 a | 1.3 | 0.41 |
RDI | 20.6 b | 16.6 | 3.8 b | 0.2 b | 0.31 | 26.0 b | 23.6 | 1.3 b | 0.2 | 0.36 |
p | 0.04 | n.s | 0.01 | 0.03 | n.s | n.s | 0.03 | n.s | n.s |
2015 | 2016 | |
---|---|---|
Treatment | WUE (kg m−3) | WUE (kg m−3) |
Net | ||
Control | 2.9 | 3.9 |
RDI | 3.8 | 3.6 |
p | n.s. | n.s. |
Greenhouse | ||
Control | 8.0 | 8.6 |
RDI | 6.9 | 9.2 |
p | n.s. | n.s. |
2015 | 2016 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatments | Diameter (cm) | Weight (g) | TSS (°Brix) | TA (g L−1 Tartaric Acid) | Diameter (cm) | Weight (g) | TSS (°Brix) | TAn(g L−1 Tartaric Acid) |
Net | Net | |||||||
Control | 1.8 | 3.6 | 16.2 | 5.5 | 1.8 | 3.6 | 14.9 | 4.0 |
RDI | 1.8 | 3.5 | 16.2 | 6.1 | 1.7 | 3.0 | 15.3 | 4.6 |
p | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s |
Greenhouse | Greenhouse | |||||||
Control | 1.9 | 4.2 | 14.9 | 5.0 | 1.9 | 4.7 | 15.4 | 2.0 |
RDI | 1.9 | 4.1 | 15.0 | 4.8 | 1.8 | 4.2 | 15.9 | 2.1 |
p | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s |
2015 | 2016 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment | Net | |||||||
L* | C * | h° | CIRG | L* | C* | h° | CIRG | |
Control | 31.4 | 8.2 | 37.7 | 4.1 | 29.9 | 6.9 | 47.0 | 4.4 |
RDI | 32.1 | 9.3 | 44.8 | 3.9 | 29.5 | 7.5 | 32.3 | 4.5 |
p | 0.35 | 0.32 | 0.71 | 0.44 | 0.41 | 0.42 | 0.31 | 0.85 |
Greenhouse | ||||||||
L* | C* | h° | CIRG | L* | C* | h° | CIRG | |
Control | 33.1 | 9.4 | 52.0 | 3.3 | 30.9 | 7.9 | 24.8 a | 4.1 |
RDI | 32.3 | 8.6 | 46.4 | 3.7 | 30.1 | 6.6 | 17.6 b | 4.5 |
p | 0.30 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.19 | 0.04 | 0.20 | 0.04 | 0.06 |
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Pinillos, V.; Ibáñez, S.; Cunha, J.M.; Hueso, J.J.; Cuevas, J. Postveraison Deficit Irrigation Effects on Fruit Quality and Yield of “Flame Seedless” Table Grape Cultivated under Greenhouse and Net. Plants 2020, 9, 1437. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111437
Pinillos V, Ibáñez S, Cunha JM, Hueso JJ, Cuevas J. Postveraison Deficit Irrigation Effects on Fruit Quality and Yield of “Flame Seedless” Table Grape Cultivated under Greenhouse and Net. Plants. 2020; 9(11):1437. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111437
Chicago/Turabian StylePinillos, Virginia, Sonia Ibáñez, Jéssica M. Cunha, Juan J. Hueso, and Julián Cuevas. 2020. "Postveraison Deficit Irrigation Effects on Fruit Quality and Yield of “Flame Seedless” Table Grape Cultivated under Greenhouse and Net" Plants 9, no. 11: 1437. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111437