Plant Disease Classification: A Comparative Evaluation of Convolutional Neural Networks and Deep Learning Optimizers
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Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
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Massey Agritech Partnership Research Centre, School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2020, 9(10), 1319; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9101319
Received: 9 September 2020
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Revised: 3 October 2020
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Accepted: 4 October 2020
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Published: 6 October 2020
Recently, plant disease classification has been done by various state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) architectures on the publicly available/author generated datasets. This research proposed the deep learning-based comparative evaluation for the classification of plant disease in two steps. Firstly, the best convolutional neural network (CNN) was obtained by conducting a comparative analysis among well-known CNN architectures along with modified and cascaded/hybrid versions of some of the DL models proposed in the recent researches. Secondly, the performance of the best-obtained model was attempted to improve by training through various deep learning optimizers. The comparison between various CNNs was based on performance metrics such as validation accuracy/loss, F1-score, and the required number of epochs. All the selected DL architectures were trained in the PlantVillage dataset which contains 26 different diseases belonging to 14 respective plant species. Keras with TensorFlow backend was used to train deep learning architectures. It is concluded that the Xception architecture trained with the Adam optimizer attained the highest validation accuracy and F1-score of 99.81% and 0.9978 respectively which is comparatively better than the previous approaches and it proves the novelty of the work. Therefore, the method proposed in this research can be applied to other agricultural applications for transparent detection and classification purposes.
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Keywords:
plant disease classification; convolutional neural network; deep learning; validation accuracy; F1-score
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MDPI and ACS Style
Saleem, M.H.; Potgieter, J.; Arif, K.M. Plant Disease Classification: A Comparative Evaluation of Convolutional Neural Networks and Deep Learning Optimizers. Plants 2020, 9, 1319. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9101319
AMA Style
Saleem MH, Potgieter J, Arif KM. Plant Disease Classification: A Comparative Evaluation of Convolutional Neural Networks and Deep Learning Optimizers. Plants. 2020; 9(10):1319. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9101319
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaleem, Muhammad H., Johan Potgieter, and Khalid M. Arif. 2020. "Plant Disease Classification: A Comparative Evaluation of Convolutional Neural Networks and Deep Learning Optimizers" Plants 9, no. 10: 1319. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9101319
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