Seed Biofortification and Phytic Acid Reduction: A Conflict of Interest for the Plant?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Biosynthetic Pathways
2.1. Genomic Organization and Regulation of Phytic Acid Pathway Genes
2.1.1. MIPS
2.1.2. Myo-Inositol Reversible Dephosphsorylation: IMP and MIK
2.1.3. PGK
2.1.4. IPK2
2.1.5. ITPK
2.1.6. IPK1
2.1.7. MRP
3. Low Phytic Acid (lpa) Mutants
Class | Gene Function | Effects on the Pathway |
---|---|---|
Type 1 | MIPS | Decrease in phytic acid accompanied by a molar increase in free phosphate |
MIK | ||
IMP | ||
Type 2 | 2PGK | Decrease in phytic acid accompanied by a low increase in free phosphate and increased content of lower inositol phosphates (InsPs) |
IPK2 | ||
ITPK | ||
IPK1 | ||
Type 3 | MRP | Decrease in phytic acid accompanied by a molar increase in free phosphate and/or decrease in phytic acid in specific seed tissues |
Putative sulfate transporter (sultr3;3) |
Metabolic and Phenotypic Traits of Low Phytic Acid Mutants
4. Enzymes and Metabolites of the Phytic Acid Pathway Have Regulatory Roles in Cell Signaling and Plant Processes
4.1. Signal Transduction
4.2. Vesicle Trafficking and Polar Auxin Transport
4.3. Biotic and Abiotic Stress Response
4.4. Nuclear Functions and Regulation of Phosphorus Homeostasis
4.5. Hormonal Signaling
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Sparvoli, F.; Cominelli, E. Seed Biofortification and Phytic Acid Reduction: A Conflict of Interest for the Plant? Plants 2015, 4, 728-755. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants4040728
Sparvoli F, Cominelli E. Seed Biofortification and Phytic Acid Reduction: A Conflict of Interest for the Plant? Plants. 2015; 4(4):728-755. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants4040728
Chicago/Turabian StyleSparvoli, Francesca, and Eleonora Cominelli. 2015. "Seed Biofortification and Phytic Acid Reduction: A Conflict of Interest for the Plant?" Plants 4, no. 4: 728-755. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants4040728