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Volume 15
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10.3390/plants15020216
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Article

Comparative Metabolomic Profiling of Resistant and Susceptible Coffea arabica Accessions to Bacterial Pathogen Infection

by
Salim Makni
1,
Adrian Heckart
1,
Jean-Christophe Cocuron
2,
Lucas Mateus Rivero Rodrigues
3,
Suzete Aparecida Lanza Destéfano
4,
Masako Toma Braghini
3,
Oliveiro Guerreiro Filho
3 and
Ana Paula Alonso
1,2,*
1
Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
2
BioAnalytical Facility, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
3
Centro de Café Alcides Carvalho, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Campinas 13075-630, SP, Brazil
4
Laboratório de Bacteriologia Vegetal, Instituto Biológico, Campinas 13012-970, SP, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2026, 15(2), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15020216
Submission received: 4 December 2025 / Revised: 28 December 2025 / Accepted: 6 January 2026 / Published: 9 January 2026
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Abstract

Coffea, a plant species of significant agricultural value used in coffee production, is a key commodity that supports the livelihoods of millions of people worldwide. However, coffee cultivation faces substantial threats from various pathogens, including Pseudomonas coronafaciens pv. garcae (Pcg), the causative agent of bacterial blight. This pathogen compromises coffee plant health, leading to reduced yields and plant death and impacting farmers and large-scale producers. Understanding the mechanisms underlying resistance to Pcg in the leaves of the resistant IAC 2211-6 Coffea arabica accession is crucial for developing effective control strategies. This study aimed to identify candidate biomarkers of resistance by comparing the leaf metabolome of (i) the resistant IAC 2211-6 and the susceptible IAC 125 RN Coffea arabica accessions and (ii) Pcg-infected and uninfected leaves. Untargeted metabolomics revealed distinct metabolic profiles between accessions. Flavonoids were more abundant in susceptible leaves. In contrast, resistant leaves showed increased levels of pipecolic acid ethyl ester, a structural derivative of a key systemic acquired resistance signal, and spiropreussione B, a compound associated with fungal endophytes. These findings highlight candidates potentially linked to resistance and suggest that systemic signaling and beneficial microbial interactions may contribute to resilience.
Keywords: metabolites; LC-MS/MS; untargeted metabolomic; Coffea; Pseudomonas coronafaciens pv. garcae; infection; resistance metabolites; LC-MS/MS; untargeted metabolomic; Coffea; Pseudomonas coronafaciens pv. garcae; infection; resistance
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MDPI and ACS Style

Makni, S.; Heckart, A.; Cocuron, J.-C.; Rodrigues, L.M.R.; Destéfano, S.A.L.; Braghini, M.T.; Guerreiro Filho, O.; Alonso, A.P. Comparative Metabolomic Profiling of Resistant and Susceptible Coffea arabica Accessions to Bacterial Pathogen Infection. Plants 2026, 15, 216. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15020216

AMA Style

Makni S, Heckart A, Cocuron J-C, Rodrigues LMR, Destéfano SAL, Braghini MT, Guerreiro Filho O, Alonso AP. Comparative Metabolomic Profiling of Resistant and Susceptible Coffea arabica Accessions to Bacterial Pathogen Infection. Plants. 2026; 15(2):216. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15020216

Chicago/Turabian Style

Makni, Salim, Adrian Heckart, Jean-Christophe Cocuron, Lucas Mateus Rivero Rodrigues, Suzete Aparecida Lanza Destéfano, Masako Toma Braghini, Oliveiro Guerreiro Filho, and Ana Paula Alonso. 2026. "Comparative Metabolomic Profiling of Resistant and Susceptible Coffea arabica Accessions to Bacterial Pathogen Infection" Plants 15, no. 2: 216. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15020216

APA Style

Makni, S., Heckart, A., Cocuron, J.-C., Rodrigues, L. M. R., Destéfano, S. A. L., Braghini, M. T., Guerreiro Filho, O., & Alonso, A. P. (2026). Comparative Metabolomic Profiling of Resistant and Susceptible Coffea arabica Accessions to Bacterial Pathogen Infection. Plants, 15(2), 216. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15020216

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