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Volume 15
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10.3390/plants15101588
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

AhNPR4B Interacts with AhPR2-Like and May Contribute to Disease Resistance and Cold Tolerance in Peanut

by
Xiaoyu Zhang
1,2,
Xiaoji Zhang
1,3,
Zhenbo Chen
1,3,
Rui Zhang
1,3,
Yunyun Xue
1,
Na Li
1,
Yuexia Tian
1,
Huiqi Zhang
1,
Dongmei Bai
1,3,* and
Xin Zhang
1,2,*
1
Shanxi Key Laboratory of Oil Crops Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Industrial Crops, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
2
College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
3
College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2026, 15(10), 1588; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15101588
Submission received: 16 April 2026 / Revised: 17 May 2026 / Accepted: 18 May 2026 / Published: 21 May 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Response to Abiotic Stress and Climate Change)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production faces persistent threats from various infectious diseases. Planting healthy varieties with robust botanical defense networks is critical for minimizing future costs. Non-expressor of pathogenesis-related (NPR) regulators are involved in immune activation and act as key targets for deeper stress adaptation, and are thus promising targets for genetic enhancement. In this study, we characterized the peanut NPR4B protein and demonstrated its local subcellular binding to the nucleus. Ectopic overexpression of AhNPR4B in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly enhanced resistance to the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea and enhanced cold tolerance, as supported by quantitative and statistical analyses (p < 0.05). As regards underlying molecular events, Y2H (Yeast 2-Hybrid) analysis revealed a binding in vitro physical relation of AhPR2-like to AhNPR4B. This binding was demonstrated in vivo through BiFC (Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation). These results suggest that the AhNPR4B-AhPR2-like complex may act as a key regulatory module associated with biotic and abiotic stress signaling, potentially contributing to broad-spectrum stress resistance. These findings provide foundational insights into the functional roles of AhNPR4B and its interaction with AhPR2-like in regulating stress resistance and support its potential as a candidate target for future genetic improvements to enhance stress resilience in peanuts.
Keywords: Arachis hypogaea L.; AhNPR4B; PR protein; disease resistance; cold stress; protein–protein interaction Arachis hypogaea L.; AhNPR4B; PR protein; disease resistance; cold stress; protein–protein interaction

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, X.; Zhang, X.; Chen, Z.; Zhang, R.; Xue, Y.; Li, N.; Tian, Y.; Zhang, H.; Bai, D.; Zhang, X. AhNPR4B Interacts with AhPR2-Like and May Contribute to Disease Resistance and Cold Tolerance in Peanut. Plants 2026, 15, 1588. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15101588

AMA Style

Zhang X, Zhang X, Chen Z, Zhang R, Xue Y, Li N, Tian Y, Zhang H, Bai D, Zhang X. AhNPR4B Interacts with AhPR2-Like and May Contribute to Disease Resistance and Cold Tolerance in Peanut. Plants. 2026; 15(10):1588. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15101588

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Xiaoyu, Xiaoji Zhang, Zhenbo Chen, Rui Zhang, Yunyun Xue, Na Li, Yuexia Tian, Huiqi Zhang, Dongmei Bai, and Xin Zhang. 2026. "AhNPR4B Interacts with AhPR2-Like and May Contribute to Disease Resistance and Cold Tolerance in Peanut" Plants 15, no. 10: 1588. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15101588

APA Style

Zhang, X., Zhang, X., Chen, Z., Zhang, R., Xue, Y., Li, N., Tian, Y., Zhang, H., Bai, D., & Zhang, X. (2026). AhNPR4B Interacts with AhPR2-Like and May Contribute to Disease Resistance and Cold Tolerance in Peanut. Plants, 15(10), 1588. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15101588

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